TEST
METHODS
REINFORCED
CONCRETE PIPE
TESTS TO BE
DISCUSSED:
• EXTERNAL LOAD CRUSHING
STRENGTH TEST OF
CONCRETEB PIPE BY THREE-
EDGE BEARING METHOD
• ABSORPTION TEST
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CRUSHING
STRENGTH
TEST OF
CONCRETE
PIPE BY
THREE-EDGE
BEARING
THE CRUSHING TEST CAN BE
SCOPE EITHER A QUALITY
CONTROL TEST PERFORMED
TO ESTABLISH THAT THE
FINISHED, SHIPPABLE PIPE
HAD SUFFICIENT STRENGTH
TO WITHSTAND THE
CRUSHING LOADS STATED IN
THE SPECIFICATIONS OR A
PROOF OF DESIGN TEST
PERFORMED TO PROVE THE
ADEQUACY OF DESIGN.
APPARATUS
1. Concrete Pipe Tester
Any mechanical or hand-operated device may be used in
which the head moves at such a speed that the load is
applied at a minimum uniform rate of 120 N/linear meter
of pipe per second and a maximum uniform rate of 610
N/linear meter of pipe per second.
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APPARATUS
1. Lower Bearing Block
Shall consist of hardwood or hard rubber strips.
a. Wooden strips shall be straight, have a cross-section of
not less than 50 mm in width and not less than 25 mm
or more than 38 mm in height and shall have the top
inside corners rounded to a radius of 13 mm.
b. Hard rubber strips shall have a durometer hardness of
not less than 45 mm or more than 60 mm and shall have
a top inside corners rounded to a radius of 13 mm.
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APPARATUS
1. Upper Bearing Block
Shall be a rigid hardwood beam with or without an
attached rubber strip, free from knots, and straight from
end to end. It shall be fastened to a steel or wood-faced
steel beam of such dimensions that deflections under
maximum load will not be greater than 1/720 of the
specimen length.
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PROCEDURE:
1. Place the specimen on the two bottom bearing strips in
such a manner that the pipe or tile rest firmly and with
the most uniform possible bearing on each strip.
2. Mark two ends of the specimen at a point midway
between the bearing strip and then establish the
diametrically opposite point on each end.
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PROCEDURE:
3. Place the top bearing beam so that it is aligned with these
marks. After placing the specimen in the machine on the
bottom strips, align the top bearing block symmetrically in
the testing machine and apply the load at a uniform rate
until either the formulation of a 0.3 mm (0.01 in.) crack
width or an ultimate strength load is reached.
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PROCEDURE:
4. Record the load to produce a 0.3 mm crack. Measure the
width of the crack by means of a gage made from leaf 0.3
mm in thickness. The 0.3 mm crack load is the maximum
load applied to the pipe before a crack having a width of 0.3
mm occurs throughout a continuous length of 300 mm or
more measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of pipe
barrel. Consider the crack 0.3 mm width when the point of
measuring gage will, without forcing, penetrate 1.5 mm at
close intervals.
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PROCEDURE:
5. Record the ultimate load that the specimen can sustain.
The ultimate load is reached when the pipe will support no
greater load.
6. Break the pipe with a sledgehammer, opening it along the
full length and count the hoops and measure the
reinforcement.
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CALCULATION:
1. Strength test results shall be calculated in terms of
kilonewtons per linear meter to produce 0.3 mm c or
kilonewtons per linear meter at ultimate load. The
laying length used in calculating the strength values is
the inside length of the barrel of pipe, exclusive of the
socket if any.
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CALCULATION:
2. The load in kilonewtons per linear meter required to
produce the 0.3 mm crack shall be calculated by dividing
the total load on the specimen at the same time the
indicated crack occurs by the laying length of the pipe.
3. The crushing strength, or ultimate load in kilonewtons
per linear meter shall be calculated by dividing the
maximum load applied to the specimen by the laying
length.
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ABSORPTION
TEST FOR
CONCRETE
PIPE
SCOPE THIS TEST METHOD IS A
QUALITY CONTROL
TEST PERFORMED TO
ESTABLISH THE FACT
THAT THE FINISHED,
SHIPPABLE PIPE MEETS
THE ABSORPTION
LIMITS STATED IN THE
SPECIFICATIONS.
APPARATUS
1. Oven with temperature control.
2. Container for boiling absorption test specimen.
3. Balance
4. Hot Plate
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PROCEDURE:
1. Obtain an absorption test specimen from each pipe that
has passed the strength requirements. Each specimen
shall Have an area of 400 to 600 sq. mm. with the full
thickness of the pipe.
2. Dry the specimen to constant weight at a temperature of
110 ± 5 ᴼC
3. Place the dried specimen in a suitable container and cover
with clean water.
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PROCEDURE:
4. Heat water continuously for 5 hours. Allow to cool by
natural loss of heat for not less than 14 hours nor more
than 24 hours.
5. Remove the specimen from water and allow to drain for
not more than 1 minute.
6. Remove superficial water by wiping specimen with an
absorbent cloth or paper. Weight immediately.
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CALCULATION:
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