Intra and Post

Operative Client
Care
MARIA JEZA O. GURREA MAN,
USRN

*Received patient in OR to
Admission in the Recovery
Room.

*Admission in the Recovery

Room to Follow up
Evaluation
Principles of
Surgical Asepsis Only the sterile
team or member
Only sterile items
Sterile Technique touches the
sterile surface.
are used within
the sterile field.

• Methods by which
contamination with
microorganism is prevented Gowns are Only the top of the
to maintain sterility considered sterile sterile draped table
throughout the surgical only from the chest is considered sterile.
procedure. to the level of the The edges and the
sterile field in the sides of the drape
front. Below the extending below the
Prevent the transfer of waist is considered table are considered
microorganism into the body unsterile. unsterile.
tissue during an invasive
procedure.
 Types of Surgery:

1. Urgency

Surgery -is a medical

specialty that uses operative 2. Surgery based on degree of risk
manual and instrumental
techniques on a person to
investigate or treat a
pathological condition such as
[Link] Based on purpose
a disease or injury, to help
improve bodily function,
appearance, or to repair
unwanted ruptured areas.
 1. Urgency 2. Surgery based on Major- requires
degree of risk hospitalization

• Elective- Pre planned and

based on patients' choice and - higher degree of risk
availability of the surgeon.
Minor- usually brief, carries
• Urgent-must be done on a - involves major body
low risk and few
organs
short period of time frame to complications.
preserve health.
3. Surgery based on
purpose
• Emergency-must be done
immediately to preserve life, a
body part or function.
  Cesarean delivery (C-
section) is used to deliver
Common a baby through surgical
Surgical incisions made in the
Procedures abdomen and uterus.
 .
A C-section includes an abdominal
incision and a uterine incision.
After the abdominal incision, the
health care provider will make an
incision in the uterus. Low
transverse incisions (BIKINI
CUT) are the most common (top
left).
 .

Caesarean
section, surgical
site infection
and wound
management
Labor isn't progressing normally. Labor that isn't
progressing (labor dystocia) is one of the most common
reasons for a C-section. Issues with labor progression
include prolonged first stage (prolonged dilation or
opening of the cervix) or prolonged second stage
(prolonged time of pushing after complete cervical
dilation).

The baby is in distress. Concern about changes in a baby's

heartbeat might make a C-section the safest option.

You're carrying more than one baby. A C-section might be

needed for women carrying twins, triplets or more. This is
especially true if labor starts too early or the babies are
not in a head-down position.
• The baby or babies are in an
unusual position. A C-section is the There's a health concern. A C-section might
safest way to deliver babies whose be recommended for women with certain
feet or buttocks enter the birth canal
first (breech) or babies whose sides or
health issues, such as a heart or brain
shoulders come first (transverse). condition.

There's a problem with the

placenta. If the placenta covers the There's a blockage. A large fibroid blocking
opening of the cervix (placenta the birth canal, a pelvic fracture or a baby
previa), a C-section is recommended who has a condition that can cause the head
for delivery. to be unusually large (severe hydrocephalus)
might be reasons for a C-section.
Prolapsed umbilical cord. A C-
section might be recommended if a
loop of umbilical cord slips through You've had a previous C-section or other
the cervix in front of the baby. surgery on the uterus. Although it's often
possible to have a vaginal birth after a C-
section, a health care provider might
recommend a repeat C-section.
Is a surgery to remove your
gallbladder. It helps people
with gallstones that are causing
pain and infection.

Gallstones are crystals that form in

the gallbladder. They can block the
flow of bile out of the gallbladder
into your digestive system.

This roadblock
causes cholecystitis (inflammation
of the gallbladder). Gallstones can
also move to other parts of the
body and cause problems.

 Laparoscopic
Cholecystectomy
 The surgeon makes a few small
incisions on the right side of your
abdomen (belly). The surgeon uses
one incision to insert a
laparoscope, a thin tube with a
camera on the end. This shows
your gallbladder on a screen. The
gallbladder then gets removed
through another small incision.

A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is
less invasive than an open
cholecystectomy. This other form
of gallbladder removal involves a
larger incision.
 m
 An Appendectomy is a a
surgery to remove the appendix d
e
when it is infected. This
condition is called appendicitis i Laparoscopic
appendectomy.
n This
. An Appendectomy is a method is less invasive.
That
t means it’s done
common emergency surgery. without a large incision.
h
Instead, from 1 to 3 tiny
e
cuts are made. A long, thin
tube called a laparoscope is
lput into one of the
o It has a tiny video
incisions.
camera
w and surgical tools.
Theesurgeon looks at a TV
monitor
r to see inside your
abdomen and guide the
tools. The appendix is
r through one of the
removed
i incisions.
g
h
t
-
h
a
n
 Debridement is a
procedure for treating
a wound in the skin. It
involves thoroughly
cleaning the wound
and removing all
hyperkeratotic
(thickened skin or
callus), infected, and
nonviable (necrotic or
dead) tissue, foreign
debris, and residual
material from
dressings.
 A below the knee amputation (BKA)
is a transtibial amputation that
involves removing the foot, ankle
joint, distal tibia, fibula, and
corresponding soft tissue structures.
In general, below the knee amputations
are associated with better functional
outcomes than above the knee
amputations.

 Below the knee

amputation
  A salpingectomy is a surgical
procedure where one or both
of a woman's fallopian tubes
are removed. It's performed to
treat certain conditions of the
fallopian tubes and ectopic
pregnancies, and as a
preventative measure for
women at higher risk of
developing ovarian cancer. A
salpingectomy can be
performed laparoscopically to
reduce recovery time.

Salpingectomy
 salpingectomy are:

•Unilateral
salpingectomy. Only one You may have part of the tube removed
fallopian tube is. removed. This (partial salpingectomy) or the entire tube
means you may still become removed (total salpingectomy). For the
purposes of sterilization, it is acceptable to
pregnant since you still have
perform either a partial or total bilateral
one working fallopian tube. salpingectomy. If the surgery is necessary for
a health condition, then the entire fallopian
•Bilateral salpingectomy. This tube is typically removed.
is when both fallopian tubes are
removed. You wouldn't be able
to get pregnant naturally, but
IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) is an
option if you wish to become
pregnant and still have a uterus.
A Hemorrhoidectomy is surgery to
remove internal or external
hemorrhoids that are extensive or
severe.

.
Surgical hemorrhoidectomy is the
most effective treatment for
hemorrhoids, though it is associated
with the greatest rate of
complications.
 Common Nausea and vomiting from general anesthesia

Surgical Sore throat (caused by the tube placed in the windpipe

for breathing during surgery)

Discomforts Soreness, pain, and swelling around the incision site

Restlessness and sleeplessness

Thirst

Constipation and gas (flatulence)

Chills

Confusion
 Common Shock - is a severe drop in blood pressure that causes
a dangerous reduction of blood flow throughout the body. Shock

Surgical may be caused by blood loss, infection, brain injury, or metabolic

problems. Treatment may include any or all of the following:
• Stopping any blood loss

Complications • Helping with breathing (with mechanical ventilation if needed)

• Reducing heat loss
• Giving intravenous (IV) fluids or blood
• Providing oxygen
• Prescribing medicines, for example, to raise blood pressure

Hemorrhage- means bleeding. Rapid blood loss

from the site of surgery, for example, can lead to
shock. Treatment of rapid blood loss may include:
• IV fluids or blood plasma
• Blood transfusion
• More surgery to control the bleeding
Left untreated, peritonitis can
rapidly spread into the blood (
sepsis) and to other organs,
resulting in multiple organ
failure and death. •Peritonitis is an inflammation of
The two main types of the peritoneum, the tissue that
peritonitis are primary
spontaneous peritonitis, an lines the inner wall of the
infection that develops in the abdomen and covers and
peritoneum; and secondary
peritonitis, which usually supports most of your abdominal
develops when an injury or
infection in the abdominal
organs. Peritonitis is usually
cavity allows infectious caused by infection from
organisms into the peritoneum.
bacteria or fungi.
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