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Wireless Sensor Network Overview

This document discusses wireless sensor networks (WSN). It provides an introduction to WSN including that they are used to collect environmental data using sensor nodes and base stations connected via wireless communication. It then discusses the design methodology, system block diagram, advantages, disadvantages, architecture, functionality of sensor nodes, gateways, transit networks, base stations, protocols, routing mechanisms, applications, network topologies, types of sensors, and concludes that WSN can help bridge the physical and digital worlds through continuous monitoring.

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Salman Siddiqui
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63 views20 pages

Wireless Sensor Network Overview

This document discusses wireless sensor networks (WSN). It provides an introduction to WSN including that they are used to collect environmental data using sensor nodes and base stations connected via wireless communication. It then discusses the design methodology, system block diagram, advantages, disadvantages, architecture, functionality of sensor nodes, gateways, transit networks, base stations, protocols, routing mechanisms, applications, network topologies, types of sensors, and concludes that WSN can help bridge the physical and digital worlds through continuous monitoring.

Uploaded by

Salman Siddiqui
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PREPARED BY

SALMAN SIDDIQUI (2008-EE-097)

OMAIR AHMED (2008-EE-101)

SAQIB MOHSIN (2008-EE-084)

Wireless Sensor Networks

INTRODUCTION
WSN are used to collect data from the environment. They consists of large number of sensor nodes and one or more Base Stations. The nodes in the network are connected via Wireless communication channels. Each node has capability to sense data, process the data and send it to rest of the nodes or to Base Station. These networks are limited by the node battery lifetime.

DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Top-Down Design Process:

Define major subsystems


Define subsystem interfaces Primary Subsystems:

Client Standard Web browser via Internet Server Wireless mote network

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

ADVANTAGES
It avoids lot of wiring. It can accommodate new devices at any time. Its flexible to go through physical partitions. It can be accessed through a centralised monitor.

DISADVANTAGES
It is very easy for hackers to hack it as we cant control propagation of waves. Comparatively low speed of communications. Gets distracted by various elements like Bluetooth. Still costly at large.

WSN ARCHITECTURE

Sensor Node Gateway Base Station

Wireless Sensor Network Architecture

SENSOR NODE FUNCTIONALITY


Each sensor node contains a computational module (a programmable unit) which provides computation ability, storage, and bidirectional communication with other nodes in the system Two advantages:
o o

They can be re-task in the field Easily communicate with the rest of the network

GATEWAY
Each sensor patch contains a gateway node Each gateway node can communicate with the sensor network and provides connectivity to the transit network

TRANSIT NETWORK
Can consist of a single hop link or a series of networked wireless nodes Each transit network design has different characteristics
o o o o o

Robustness Bandwidth Energy efficiency Cost Manageability

BASE STATION
Data storage for the collection of sensor patches WAN connectivity will be wireless Base-Remote link connection to the internet

WSN PROTOCOLS
Wireless sensor network routing protocols can be classified into following categories. Direct communication Flat protocols (Multihop) Hierarchical Routing Protocols

ROUTING MECHANISM

Multihop Routing

Direct Communication

Hierarchical Routing

Cluster Head

APPLICATIONS OF WSN
Environmental/Habitat monitoring Acoustic detection Seismic Detection Military surveillance Inventory tracking Medical monitoring Process Monitoring

NETWORK TOPOLOGY
A communication network is composed of nodes, each of which has computing power and can transmit and receive messages over communication links. The basic network topologies are
[Link] connected networks [Link] networks [Link] networks [Link] networks

TOPOLOGIES

TYPES OF SENSORS
Mechanical Sensors o The Piezoresistive Effect o The Piezoelectric Effect o Capacitive Sensors o Inductive sensors Optical Transducers o Photoelectric effect o Photoconductive sensors o Junction-based photosensors

CONCLUSION
The emergence of wireless sensor networks can finally bridge the gap between physical and digital worlds, with the effect as if to establish nervous system for the physical world. It also allows measurement and monitoring in the way that is much closer to the phenomenon than ever before, resulting in continuous and high fidelity of data collected.

THANK YOU

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