PRELIMINARY INFORMATION
Name of the student :
Class :
Roll No :
Name of the unit : Urbanization in India
Title of the project : Urbanization
Project no : 02
Type of project : Individual
Date of project assigned :
Date of project submitted :
Title of the project :Urbanization
Introduction:
• Urbanization refers to general increase in population and the amount of industrialization of
a settlement. It includes increase in the number and extent of [Link] symbolizes the movement
of people from rural to urban [Link] happens because of the increase in the extent
and density of urbanareas. The density of population in urban areas increases because of the
migration of people from less industrialized regions to more industrialized areas. The rapid
urbanization of the worlds population over the twentieth century.
Aims & objective of the project :
The major goal is to plan integrated and sustainable human settlements that can withstand increased
environmental, social, and economic problems while improving rural community quality of life.
• History of urbanization:
• The beginning of urbanization can be traced
back to Renaissance times in 16thcentury.
Turkish assaults resulted in movement
of Christians from the east to western
European countries. As a result, trade grew
and European cities along the coasts
developed greatly. A further boost for
urbanization was created with the arrival of
the Industrial Revolution. Populations of
cities in Europe and USA started to increase
significantly in the 18th and 19th centuries.
However, urbanization started in Asia only in
the first half of the 20th century and in the
second half of the 20th century in Africa,
when the countries obtained
independence from colonial rule.
• Natural increase of population: It occurs
when the number of births exceeds the
number of deaths.
• Rural to urban migration: It is driven by pull
factors (that attract people to urban areas)
and push factors (that drive people away from
the rural areas).
• Employment opportunities, educational
institutions and urban lifestyle are the main
pull factors.
• Poor living conditions, lack of educational and
economic opportunities and poor health care
facilities are the main push factors.
Causes of Urbanization:
• Global Urbanisation:
• The most urbanized regions include Northern
America (with 82% of its population living in
urban areas (as of 2018)), Latin America and
the Caribbean (81%), Europe (74%) and
Oceania (68%).
• The level of urbanization in Asia is now
approximately 50%.
• Africa remains mostly rural, with 43% of its
population living in urban areas.
• Urbanization Prospects:
• The World Urbanization Prospects, 2018 report
produced by the UN Department of Economic
and Social Affairs (UN DESA) notes that future
increases in the size of the world’s urban
population are expected to be highly
concentrated in just a few countries.
• Together, India, China and Nigeria will account for
35% of the projected growth of the world’s urban
population between 2018 and 2050.
• By 2050, it is projected that India will have added
416 million urban dwellers.
• Currently, India’s population stood at 1210
million in 2011, with an urbanisation level of
31.1% (Census of India 2011).
State wise scenario:
Number of Persons Living in Urban Areas:
• Over 75% of the urban population of the country is in 10 States: Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,
and Kerala.
• Maharashtra leads with 50.8 million persons (13.5% of the total urban population of the
country).
• Uttar Pradesh accounts for about 44.4 million, followed by Tamil Nadu at 34.9 million.
• High-Scoring States: Goa is the most urbanised State with 62.2% urban population.
• Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Gujarat have attained over 40% urbanisation.
• Among the North-Eastern States, Mizoram is the most urbanised with 51.5% urban population.
• Low-Scoring States: Bihar, Odisha, Assam, and Uttar Pradesh continue to be at a lower level of
urbanisation than the national average.
• Union Territories: The NCT of Delhi and the UT of Chandigarh are most urbanized with 97.5%
and 97.25% urban population respectively, followed by Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep
(both above 75% urbanisation).
• India’s Initiatives for Urbanisation:
• Schemes/Programmes Related to Urban Development:
• Smart Cities
• AMRUT Mission
• Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban
• HRIDAY
• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban
• Government Initiatives for Slum Dwellers/Urban Poor:
• Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
• Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (self-reliant India)
Significance of Urban Living
• Easier Access to Facilities: Urban living is linked with higher levels of literacy and
education, better health, longer life expectancy, greater access to social services and
enhanced opportunities for cultural and political participation.
• Issues Associated to Urbanisation:
• Excessive Population Pressure
• Overflowing Slums
• Inadequate Housing
• Unplanned Development
• Non-Inclusive Welfare Schemes
• Most relief funds and benefits do not reach slum dwellers, mainly because these
settlements are not officially recognised by the government.
Way Forward
• Sustainable Urbanization for Successful Development
• Improving Access to Health Facilities & Welfare Schemes
• New Approaches for Urbanisation: New approaches to urban planning and effective governance
are the need of the hour.
• Necessary actions should be taken to build sustainable, robust and inclusive infrastructure.
• Instead of a top-down approach, a bottom-up approach shall be adopted to better understand
unique challenges faced by the urban poor.
• Opinion /conclusion :
• Hence, we can say that urbanisation is increasing day by day in India with full
support of opportunities and style of living. But, urbanisation is growing faster
and faster that became barriers for balance, equitable and inclusive development.
• Collection of materials:Pen, pencil, paper, chart, pictures tables, graph etc.
• Thanks giving:
• I would like to thank my Social teacher for giving me project and making me to
understand about the urbanization of india is closely linked to modernization,
industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization.
• Source: Library Book, NCERT Books, Social Test Book, Internet, News Paper.