Because learning changes everything.
CHAPTER FIVE
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
SECTION 5.1 – MIS INFRASTRUCTURE.
• The Business Benefits of a Solid MIS
Infrastructure.
• Supporting Operations: Information MIS
Infrastructure.
• Supporting Change: Agile MIS Infrastructure.
CHAPTER FIVE
SECTION 5.2 – BUILDING SUSTAINABLE MIS OVERVIEW
INFRASTRUCTURES.
• MIS and the Environment.
• Supporting the Environment: Sustainable MIS
Infrastructure.
• Utility Computing.
© McGraw Hill LLC 2
SECTION 5.1: MIS
INFRASTRUCTURES
© McGraw Hill LLC 3
THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS
INFRASTRUCTURE 1
MIS infrastructure – Includes the plans
for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and
share its data, processes, and MIS assets.
• Hardware.
• Software.
• Network.
• Client.
• Server.
© McGraw Hill LLC 4
THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A
SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE 2
• Information MIS Infrastructure:
Supports Operations.
• Agile MIS Infrastructure: Supports
Change.
• Sustainable MIS infrastructure:
Supports the Environment.
© McGraw Hill LLC 5
SUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Backup and recovery plan.
• Disaster recovery plan.
• Business continuity plan.
© McGraw Hill LLC 6
BACKUP AND RECOVERY PLAN 1
Backup – An exact copy of a system’s
information.
Recovery – The ability to get a system
up and running in the event of a system
crash or failure.
• Fault tolerance.
• Failover.
• Failback.
© McGraw Hill LLC 7
BACKUP AND RECOVERY PLAN 2
• Disaster recovery plan – A detailed process
for recovering information or an IT system in
the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a
fire or flood.
• Disaster recovery cost curve – Charts (1) the
cost to the organization of the unavailability
of information and technology and (2) the
cost to the organization of recovering from a
disaster over time.
© McGraw Hill LLC 8
BACKUP AND RECOVERY PLAN 3
© McGraw Hill LLC 9
BACKUP AND RECOVERY PLAN 4
• Hot site – A separate and fully equipped
facility where the company can move
immediately after a disaster and resume
business.
• Cold site – A separate facility that does
not have any computer equipment but is
a place where employees can move after
a disaster.
• Warm site – A separate facility with
computer equipment that requires
installation and configuration.
© McGraw Hill LLC 10
BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN 1
• Business continuity planning
(BCP) – A plan for how an
organization will recover and restore
partially or completely interrupted
critical function(s) within a
predetermined time after a disaster
or extended disruption.
© McGraw Hill LLC 11
BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN 2
• Emergency – a sudden unexpected event
requiring immediate action.
• Emergency preparedness – ensures a
company is ready to respond to an
emergency in an organized, timely, and
effective manner.
© McGraw Hill LLC 12
BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN 3
© McGraw Hill LLC 13
BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN 4
• Business impact analysis – Identifies all
critical business functions and the effect that a
specific disaster may have upon them.
• Technology failure – occurs when the ability
of a company to operate is impaired because
of a hardware, software, or data outage.
• Incident – Unplanned interruption of a
service.
• Incident management – the process
responsible for managing how incidents are
identified and corrected.
© McGraw Hill LLC 14
SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE MIS
INFRASTRUCTURE
Characteristics of an agile MIS
infrastructure.
• Accessibility.
• Availability.
• Maintainability.
• Portability.
• Reliability.
• Scalability.
• Usability
© McGraw Hill LLC 15
ACCESSIBILITY
• Accessibility – Refers to the varying
levels that define what a user can
access, view, or perform when
operating a system.
• Web accessibility – Allows people
with disabilities to use the Web.
• Administrator access – Unrestricted
access to the entire system.
© McGraw Hill LLC 16
AVAILABILITY
• Availability – Time frames when the
system is operational.
• Unavailable – Time frames when a
system is not operating and cannot be
used.
• High availability – System is
continuously operational at all times.
© McGraw Hill LLC 17
MAINTAINABILITY
• Maintainability – How quickly a system
can transform to support environmental
changes.
• Organizations must watch today’s
business, as well as tomorrows, when
designing and building systems.
• Systems must be flexible enough to meet
all types of business changes.
© McGraw Hill LLC 18
PORTABILITY
• Portability – The ability of an
application to operate on different
devices or software platforms.
• Most applications want to operate on
as many devices as possible.
© McGraw Hill LLC 19
RELIABILITY
• Reliability – Ensures a system is
functioning correctly and providing
accurate information.
• Reliability is another term for accuracy
when discussing the correctness of
systems within the context of efficiency
IT metrics.
• Vulnerability – a system weakness that
can be exploited by a threat.
© McGraw Hill LLC 20
SCALABILITY
• Scalability – How well a system can
scale up or adapt to the increased
demands of growth.
• Performance – Measures how quickly a
system performs a process or transaction.
• Capacity planning – Determines future
environmental infrastructure requirements
to ensure high-quality system
performance.
© McGraw Hill LLC 21
USABILITY
• Usability – The degree to which a
system is easy to learn and efficient
and satisfying to use.
• Serviceability – How quickly a third
party can change a system to ensure it
meets user needs and the terms of any
contracts, including agreed levels of
reliability, maintainability, or
availability.
© McGraw Hill LLC 22
SECTION 5.2: BUILDING
SUSTAINABLE MIS
INFRASTRUCTURES
© McGraw Hill LLC 23
MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1
• Moore’s Law – Refers to the computer
chip performance per dollar doubles
every 18 months.
• Sustainable, or “green,” MIS –
Describes the production, management,
use, and disposal of technology in a way
that minimizes damage to the
environment.
• Corporate social responsibility –
Companies’ acknowledged
responsibility to society.
© McGraw Hill LLC 24
MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2
• Three Primary Side Effects of
Businesses’ Expanded Use of
Technology.
© McGraw Hill LLC 25
INCREASED ELECTRONIC WASTE 1
• Ewaste – Refers to discarded, obsolete, or
broken electronic devices.
• Sustainable MIS disposal – Refers to the safe
disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life
cycle.
© McGraw Hill LLC 26
INCREASED ELECTRONIC WASTE 2
• Energy consumption – The amount of
energy consumed by business
processes and system.
• Huge increases in technology use have
greatly amplified energy consumption.
• The energy consumed by a computer is
estimated to produce as much as 10%
of the amount of carbon dioxide
produced by an automobile.
© McGraw Hill LLC 27
INCREASED CARBON EMISSIONS
• Carbon emissions – Carbon dioxide
and carbon monoxide produced by
business processes and systems.
• When left on continuously, a single
desktop computer and monitor can
consume at least 100 W of power per
hour.
© McGraw Hill LLC 28
SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT: SUSTAINABLE MIS
INFRASTRUCTURE
• The Components Of A
Sustainable MIS
Infrastructure Include.
© McGraw Hill LLC 29
GRID COMPUTING
• Grid computing – A collection of
computers, often geographically
dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a
common problem.
© McGraw Hill LLC 30
VIRTUALIZED COMPUTING 1
• Virtualization – Creates multiple
“virtual” machines on a single
computing device.
© McGraw Hill LLC 31
VIRTUALIZED COMPUTING 2
Data center – A facility used to house
management information systems and
associated components, such as
telecommunications and storage
systems.
Sustainable data centers.
• Reduces carbon emissions.
• Reduces required floor Space.
• Chooses Geographic location.
© McGraw Hill LLC 32
CLOUD COMPUTING 1
© McGraw Hill LLC 33
CLOUD COMPUTING 2
• Multi-tenancy – The cloud means that a
single instance of a system serves multiple
customers.
• Single-tenancy – Each customer or tenant
must purchase and maintain an individual
system.
• Cloud fabric – The software that makes
possible the benefits of cloud computing, such
as multi-tenancy.
© McGraw Hill LLC 34
CLOUD COMPUTING 3
© McGraw Hill LLC 35
CLOUD COMPUTING 4
© McGraw Hill LLC 36
CLOUD
COMPUTING 5
© McGraw Hill LLC 37