Unit 5
Memory &
Learning
Identify page 88
Cause and Effect
Cause means reason
Effect means result or consequence
A cause-effect relationship is one in which a certain event (the cause) makes
another event happen (the effect)
Recognizing causes and effects can help you better understand a reading
passage.
If you think of a very familiar place, and visualize certain things in that place,
you can keep those things in your memory for a long time.
Identify page 88
Cause and Effect
You can sometime identify cause and effect relationships by finding certain
connecting or signal words:
Because
So Because it was so late, he found it unacceptable
If to send them all away.
Then He's only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
Therefore In future, extreme weather events are likely to
As a result, be worse and more frequent as a result of
By + V_ing climate change.
MEMORY page 88
Techniques for remembering things like lists, numbers, and facts, are called Read the information
TRICKS
mnemonic devices. For example, people often use things like poems, pictures, or
movements because it is easier to remember rhymes, images, or actions than plain
facts and lists.
about memory
techniques. How
Acronyms are one type of mnemonic. For example, it may be hard to remember many cause-effect
the colors of the rainbow in the order A that they appear. Someone therefore made relationships can you
an acronym for this: ROY G BIV. The first letters in the acronym are the first
find? Circle the
letters in the names for the colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and
violet. The name Roy G. Biv is meaningless, but it's short, so it is easier to
causes and underline
remember than the list. their effects.
English spelling rules can also be difficult to learn, so some students use rhymes
to help them remember the rules. By learning "i before e except after c (where
you hear ee)," students of English remember the spelling of words like niece and
receipt.
Read the Reading on pages 85-86. Circle three
causes and underline their effects
Read the
passage again
and explain
how the loci
method works?
Text
Visualize
Picture
‘Memory Palace’
Match the cause with effect (a-c) mentioned in the
reading on page 92.
page 94
Cause Effect
Stress A. Forgetting things
B. Getting too much sleep
C. Avoiding exercises
Find two cause-effect relationships in the reading
passage on page 93.
page 94
Skim the Reading “Sleep and Memory” and
write the main idea page 94
Sleep is important for learning
and memory
Outline your ideas
before writing page 96
Organize your ideas in order and help you follow
them in steps
Use words, phrases, or abbreviations
Use mind map
a. When you have to memorize a route, you should use a
page 96 technique that works well for you.
b. One way is to memorize the directions as a set of steps.
Look at the outline below and read the c. To do this, write the street names and directions in the correct
paragraph that follows. Match sentences in order on a piece of paper. For example, Step 1 might be: "Drive
the paragraph (a-i) to the parts of the outline. three miles down Main Street." Step 2 might be: "Turn right on
(2 sentences are extra) Oak Street."
d. If you repeat the steps several times, you won't have to look at
the list any-more.
e. You can also memorize a route by creating a mental picture of
a it.
b f. That is, see the streets and the places on the streets in your
c mind.
d g. To do this, study the route as it appears on a map.
e h. Then imagine yourself following the route. See the buildings
g and other places along the route in your mind. Turn your body to
the right and to the left as you make the turns. By seeing the
h route in your mind, you will learn it faster.
i. There are other ways to learn routes, use the method that
works best for you.
Writin
Topic: How to improve
g your memory
Topic sentence:
Supporting idea 1:
Details:
Supporting idea 2:
Details:
Supporting idea 3:
Details: