Mathematics of

Ancient Greece

By: Leo Raymund S. Ridad

 Trivia
T H E G R E E K M AT H E M AT I C I A N ,
PYTHAGORAS,USED SMALL
R O C K S TO S I G N I F Y N U M B E R S
WHILE WORKING ON
M AT H E M AT I C A L E Q U AT I O N S .
Discussions about...

❏ T H A L ES OF M I L E T U S
❏ P L ATO
❏ PY T H AG OR A S OF SA M OS
❏ PY T H AG OR EA N S C H OOL
❏ A R I STOT L E ' S LOG I C
❏ E U D OX U S OF C N I D U S
❏ E U C L I D A N D H I S " E L E M E N TS "
❏ A RC H I M E D ES O F SY R AC U S E
 - He used geometry
- Was an Ancient THALES OF MILETUS to problems
Greek pre-Socratic 624-546 BC including
Philosopher from
determining the
Miletus in Ionia,
height of ancient
Asia Minor.
- Stated some of the Egyptian pyramid
based on the
first abstract
length of its
proposition.
- He is one of the shadow.
- The “Theorem of
earliest Greek
Thales“ and the
Mathematician and
“Intercept
many historians
Theorem” are an
regard him as the
important theory in
first true
geometry that are
mathematician.
attribute to him.
THALES OF MILETUS
624-546 BC

Theorem of Thales states

that a triangle inscribed in a
circle with one side being
the diameter is a right
triangle.
- Was an ancient
PLATO
Greek - He was
424 – 348 BC
Philosopher
born in Athens convinced that
during the geometry was
classical period the key to
in Ancient unlocking the
Greece. secrets of the
- Was also one of universe.
the ancient - Became known
Greece’s most as the “Marker of
important
Mathematicians”.
patrons of
mathematics.
- Sometimes known as
PYTHAGORAS OF SAMOS - More of
572-497 BC mystic/philosopher
Pythagoras of Samos,
was an ancient Greek than a
mathematician and mathematician.
philosopher. - Core belief that
- Many people are
number is
familiar with
fundamental to
Pythagoras because
of the famous
nature.
Pythagorean
- His motto is
Theorem, which is a “all is number’’
mathematical - He also emphasized
formula for finding form, pattern, and
the length of the proportion.
hypotenuse of a right
triangle.
Pythagorean School
❏ The Pythagorean school regarded men and women
equally
❏ They enjoyed a common way of life.
❏ The principle of Pythagoras school was
“All is number ” or “God is number.”
❏ As menti oned by Aristotle, Pythagoreans mostly
used their knowledge of science in spiritualism.
❏ They used to worship numbers and very strongly
practi ce numerology.
❏ The school was every bit as much as religion as a
school of mathematics
 ARISTOTLE
-Was an ancient - The ancient
384–322 BC
greek philosopher commentators group
and polymath. together several of
- He is credited Aristotle's treatises
with the earliest under the title
study of formal Organon(“Instrument”)
logic, and his and regarded them as
conception of it comprising his logical
was the dominant works.
form of western - Aristotle's logic,
logic until the 19th especially his theory of
century advances the syllogism, has had
in mathematical an unparalleled
logic. influence on the
history of western
thought.
- Was an ancient Greek EUDOXUS OF CNIDUS - Eudoxus introduced the
astronomer, 390-337 BC idea of non quantified
mathematician,
mathematical
scholar, and student of
magnitude to describe
Archytas and Plato.
- Eudoxus is considered and work with
continuous geometrical
by some to be the
entities such as lines,
greatest of classical
angles, areas, and
greek mathematicians,
volumes thereby
and in all antiquity
avoiding the use of
second only to
irrational numbers.
Archimedes. - Eudoxus was arguably
- He is famous for
the most prolific nor the
explaining how to
pre-Euclidean
calculate with ratios of
mathematician.
lengths.
 EUCLIDS AND HIS "ELEMENTS"
300 BC
- Euclid's elements is - Euclid is best
by far the most known for his
famous mathematical Elements (Greek: Σ
work of classical τοιχεῖα; Stoicheia),
antiquity, and also considered his
has the distinction of magnum opus.
being the world's - Was an ancient
oldest continuously greek
use mathematical mathematician
textbook. active as a
- Considered the geometer and
“father of geometry” logician.
and the founder of
geometry.
 EUCLID'S "ELEMENTS"

Th e p u ri t y o f t h e Va t i c a n Eu c l i d w a s d i s c o v e re d b y t h e
A p a p y r u s f r a g m e n t o f Eu c l i d 's El e m e n t s d a t e d t o c . 7 5 – 1 2 5
m a t h e m a t i c a l h i s t o ri a n F ra n c o i s P e y ra rd i n 1 8 0 8 a n d t h e
A D . F o u n d a t O x y r h y n c h u s, t h e d i a g r a m a c c o m p a n i e s B o o k
c o d e x b e c a m e t h e b a s i s o f H e i b e rg ’s d e fi n i t i v e e d i t i o n o f
II, Proposition 5.
Eu c l i d 's E l e m e n t s .
Euclid and his "elements"
BOOK I
❏ I t co n s i st s o f 4 8 t h e o re m s , t h e fi n a l t wo b e i n g P y t h a go ra s ' a n d i t s co nve rs e .
❏ BEOu cOl iK
d oI rga n i ze d t h u s b o o k w i t h t h e go a l o f p ro v i n g t h i s i m p o r ta nt re s u l t i n a
t h o r o u g h m a n n e r.
❏ I t b e g i n s w i t h a l i st o f d efi n i ti o n s , ax i o m s , a n d p o st u l ate .

BOOK II
❏ G e o m et r i c s o l u ti o n s to p ro b l e m s : co n st r u c ti n g a l e n gt h , eve n i f i n co m m e n s u rate
with the unit.
BOOK II BOOK IV

BOOK III
❏ M o st l y t h e o re m s re ga rd i n g c i rc l e s a n d ta ge n c y
❏B POro
O bKa bI Il Iy m o st o f t h e m ate r i a l ca m e f ro m H i p p o c rate s

BOOK IV
❏ C o n st r u c ti o n o f re g u l a r 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 1 5 - s i d e d p o l ygo n s i n a n d a ro u n d a c i rc l e
❏ A l s o f ro m H i p p o c rate s
BOOK IV
BOOK V
❏ R ati o s / m a g n i t u d e s a l a E u d oxu s

BOOK V
Euclid and his "elements"
BOOK VI
❏ R ati o s o f m a g n i t u d e s a p p l i e d to ge o m et r y
❏B Tr
OO i aK
n gV
l eIs w i t h e q u a l a n g l e s h ave co r re s p o n d i n g s i d e s p ro p o r ti o n a l .

BOOK VII
❏ D i v i s i b i l i t y a n d t h e E u c l i d e a n a l go r i t h m
BOOK VII
BOOK VIII
❏ N u m b e r a n d p ro g re s s i o n s , ge o m et r i c s e q u e n c e s.
BOOK VIII
BOOK IX
❏ N u m b e rs : eve n /o d d + p e r fe c t n u m b e rs
BOOK IX
BOOK X
❏ D i sc u s s i o n o f co m m e n s u ra b l e a n d i n co m m e n s u ra b l e l i n e s
❏BLOo O
n gKaX n d d i ffi c u l t , p o ss i b l y d e r i ve d f ro m T h e atet u s

BOOK XI
❏ S o l i d ge o m et r y ( l i n e s / p l a n e s i n 3 D )
BOOK XI
Euclid and his "elements"
BOOK XII
❏ R ati o s o f a re a s vo l u m e s ( E u d oxu s )
BOOK XII
BOOK XIII

❏ C o n st r u c ti o n o f re g u l a r p o l y h e d ra i n s i d e a s p h e re a n d t h e i r c l a s si fi cati o n .
BOOK XIII
 ARCHIMEDES OF SYRACUSE
287-212 BC - Archimedes anticipated
- Was an ancient greek
modern calculus and analysis
mathematician, physicist,
by applying the concept of the
engineer, astronomer, and
infinitely small and the method
inventor from the ancient
of exhaustion to derive the
city of Syracuse in Sicily.
- Considered the greatest rigorously prove a range of
geometrical theorems
mathematician of ancient - He is rare among ancient greek
history, and one of the
mathematicians for being
greatest of all time.
- He is credited with a large highly practical
- He was also one of the first to
number of inventions in
apply mathematics to physical
technical innovations
phenomena, working on a
including the Archimedes 's
statics and hydro statics.
screw.
 THANK
YOU
B Y: L E O R AY M U N D S . R I D A D