DESIGNING LESSON PLAN

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background B. Objectives C. Indicators

A. Background

What do you think of this quotation?

If you fail to plan, you plan to fail;

The wise word above reminds us that planning is the most important part for the teaching and learning activities. A good planning will enable both teachers and students to carry out their tasks effectively. Therefore it is a must for every teacher to organize his/her lessons systematically if he/she wants to succeed.

Educational Ministry Regulation number 41, the year of 2007 about the Process Standard states that every school teacher should make Lesson Plans Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) to foster the teaching and learning process to be interactive, inspirative, joyful, challenging, motivating the students to participate actively, and giving enough opportunities to them to be innovative, creative and self reliant according to their talent, motivation, and physical as well as psychological development..Throughout this module, the important elements of a lesson plan will be discussed.

B. Objective

Through the elaborations and the discussions of important factors and elements in lesson planning, you will be prepared to be able to carry out the teaching and learning process as requested by the new curriculum (KTSP)

C. Indicators
After completing this module you are supposed to be able to : 1. State the important elements of lesson planning. 2. Determine the indicators of achieving the basic competencies 3. Formulate the objectives of the teaching and learning 4. Select relevant learning materials 5. Plan the stages of teaching and learning activities 6. Assess the students achievements

CHAPTER II DESIGNING LESSON PLAN

A. The Concept of Lesson Plan A lesson plan is a teacher's detailed description of the course of instruction for an individuallesson. (Microsoft@Encarta Encyclopedia 2009).

The government regulation no 19, the year of 2005 states that the planning for instructional process covers the syllabus and the lesson plan containing the purpose, learning materials, methodology, the learning resources and the evaluation.

Based on the ministry regulation, number 41, year 2007,

A Lesson Plan is the elaboration of syllabus which ilustrates the teaching and learning activities to achieve the goals of the basic competency. Every teacher who uses school curriculum, should design a plan completely and systematically to make the teaching and learning interactive, inspirative, joyful, challenging, and be able to motivate students to be active, creative, and self reliant, in line with their talent, motivation, their physical and psychological development. This statement is mostly about the teaching and learning activities. Every stage of the lesson should be planned to fulfill the above requirements and make certain that the instructional objectives could be achieved.

B. The components of a Lesson Plan

A Lesson plan is designed to meet the basic competencies which can be carried out in one meeting or more. Things that should be written in the lesson plan are as follows :

Identity of the subject matter which consists of; 2. Standard Competence 3. Basic Competency 4. Indicator for competency achievement 5. The Instructional goal 6. Instructional material 7. 7. Methodology 8. Learning activities 9. Evaluation 10. Learning Resource
1.

C. The Principles of Designing Lesson Plan

a. Individual differences
Consider the individual differences concerning students level of mastery, interest, motivation, potential, emotion, learning style, special need, learning speed, socio cultural background, values, and living environment.

b. Fostering students participation

The lesson should be students-focus and foster creativity, initiative, inspiration, self reliance, and learning motivation.

c.

Developing students reading and writing habits

Teaching and learning should develop students reading habits on various resources and their ability to express feelings and opinions in different forms of writing.

d. Giving feedback and follow up

A lesson plan should include activities which can give positive feedback, reinforcement, enrichment, and remedial.

e. Link and Unity Lesson plan is designed considering the links and the unity among the competency standard, basic competency, learning material, instructional activities, indicators for competency achievement, evaluation, and learning resources. Lesson plan should accommodate the thematic instructions, links with other subjects, across the learning aspects, and cultural diversity.

f. Employing the information and communication technology

Lesson plan is written to foster the use of information and communication technology, intergrated, systematic, efective depending on the situation and condition.

D. The Stages of Developing a Lesson Plan

Instructions : What can you learn

Knowledge advances by steps, and not by leaps

from this wisewords?

Here are the stages of designing an English Lesson Plan :

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Mapping the Competency Standard and the Basic Competency Determining the indicators for basic competency achievement Setting up the Purpose Selecting the Learning Material Structuring the stages of instruction Preparing the assessment

1. Mapping the Competency Standard and the Basic Competency

This stage is ideally done when designing the syllabus. The Competency Standard and the Basic Competency which can be directly picked up from the documents are to be analyzed and put into units. English or language in general has special characteristics which might be different from other subjects.

The competency based curriculum developed in the content standard is prepared to teach students the communicative competency which covers the actional competence, linguistic competence, socio cultural competence, and strategic competence. The competencies are interrelated to each other and the core of those four competencies is the discourse competence. (Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi, Bahasa Inggris, 2004) Diagram 5: Model Kompetensi Komunikatif (Celce-Murcia et al. 1995:10)

In general, there are four Competency Standards Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing which are stated in the documents of content standard (SI), attachment forEnglish subject. Your task is to select the basic competencies which can becombined into unit plans considering the suggested approach in designing the stages of instruction (four stages in two cycles).

2. Determining the indicators for basic competency achievement. Indicators reflect measurable or observable behavior to show the achievement for thebasic competency which will be used as the reference of the assessment. Indicatorsfor achievement should be written by using operational verbs covering the knowledge, attitude, and skills. i.e. : - knowledge : mentioning, interpreting, defining, completing, summarizing, explaining, developing, etc. - attitude : participating, adjusting, helping, proposing, serving,inspiring, etc. - skill : expressing, practising, fixing, arranging, demonstrating, etc.

3. Setting up the Purpose

The two aspects you have to include in setting up the purpose are :

a.

The process
The more students involved through out the lesson would be the better. Consider the students motivation, interest, challenge, and creativity.

gap-filling, predicting, comprehending etc. - Speaking : interactive communication activities, role playing, Scenario,speech, debating, interviewing, dialogue, etc. - Reading : scanning, skimming, reading intensively, predicting, classifying,etc. - Writing :
co-operative writing, drafting, analyzing, guided writing, programming, listing, revising, reviewing, giving comments, summarizing, etc.

Listening : minimal pair, sound identificatifying,