Solution Concentration
Review
A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
The solvent is the major component of the
solution.
The solute is the minor component and
active ingredient.
A saturated solution holds the maximum
amount of solute that is theoretically
possible for a given temperature.
How would you describe this picture?
Solution Concentration
Is one glass of tea stronger than the other?
– What’s true about the “stronger” glass of tea?
– How much tea does it have in it compared to
the other glass?
Solution Concentration
Concentration – a ratio comparing the
amount of solute to the amount of solution.
Solutions may be expressed in different
units of concentration.
Concentrated vs. Dilute
The words “concentrated” and “dilute” are
opposites.
EX: The dark tea is more concentrated
than the light tea.
EX: The light tea is more dilute than the
dark tea.
Concentrated vs. Dilute
= solute particles
Dilute Concentrated
solution solution
The amount of solute in a solution may be
expressed in several ways. These include
percentage by mass or volume, molarity,
molality and parts per million among
others.
Percent by Mass
The percent by mass of a solute in a
solution is given by:
Examples:
A saline solution with a mass of 355 g has
36.5 g of NaCl dissolved in it. What is the
mass/mass percent concentration of the
solution?
What is the percent by mass of 5.0 g of
iron (II) sulfate dissolved in 75.0 g of
water?
A solution is formed by adding 35 g of
ammonium nitrate to 250 g of water. What
is the percent by mass of ammonium
nitrate?
Percent by volume
What is the percent by volume of a
solution formed by mixing 25 mL of
isopropanol with 45 mL of water?
What is the percent by volume of a
solution formed by added 15 L of acetone
to 28 L of water?
Molarity
Molarity (M)
moles of solute
Molarity
Liters of solution
– UNITS: mol/L or Molar (M)
– Example: 0.500 mol/L = 0.500 M
Molarity
What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if 20.0 grams
of KNO3 (MM = 101.11 g/mol) is dissolved in enough
water to make 800. mL?
– Convert g of KNO3 to mol of KNO3
1 mol KNO 3
20.0 g KNO 3 x 0.198 mol KNO 3
101.11 g KNO 3
– Convert mL to L
0.001 L
800. mL x 0.800 L
1 mL
Molarity
What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if
0.198 mol KNO3 is dissolved in enough water to
make 0.800 L?
0.198 mol KNO 3
Molarity 0.248 M
0.800 L
Molarity
What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if 10.5 grams of
glucose (MM = 180.18 g/mol) is dissolved in enough water
to make 20.0 mL of sol’n?
– Convert g of glucose to mol of glucose.
1 mol glucose
10.5 g glucose x 0.0583 mol glucose
180.18 g glucose
– Convert mL to L.
0.001 L
20.0 mL x 0.0200 L
1 mL
Molarity
What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if 0.0583 mol of
glucose is dissolved in enough water to make 0.0200 L of
sol’n?
0.0583 mol glucose
Molarity 2.92 M
0.0200 L
Calculating Grams
How many grams of KI (MM = 166.00 g/mol) are needed to prepare
25.0 mL of a 0.750 M solution?
– Convert mL to L.
0.001 L
25.0 mL x 0.0250 L
1 mL
– Solve for moles.
moles of KI
0.750 M x
0.0250 L
– moles of KI = 0.750 M x 0.0250 L = 0.0188 mol KI
Calculating Grams
How many grams of KI (MM = 166.00 g/mol) are needed to prepare
25.0 mL of a 0.750 M solution?
– Convert 0.0188 mol KI to grams.
166.00 g KI
0.0188 mol KI x 3.12 g KI
1 mol KI
Calculating Grams
How many grams of HNO3 (MM = 63.02
g/mol) are present in 50.0 mL of a 1.50 M
sol’n?
– Convert mL to L.
• 50.0 mL = 0.0500 L
– Solve for moles:
• moles = (1.50 M)(0.0500 L) = 0.0750 mol HNO3
– Convert 0.0750 mol HNO3 to grams:
• 0.0750 mol HNO3 = 4.73 g HNO3
Determine the molarity for each of the following
solutions:
1. 0.444 mol of CoCl2 in 0.654 L of solution
2. 0.2074 g of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2, in 40.00
mL of solution
3. Calculate the molar concentration of ethanol in an
aqueous solution that contains 2.30 g of C2H5OH
(46.07 g/mol) in 3.50 L of solution.
Molality
Calculate the molality of a solution
containing 16.5 g of dissolved naphthalene
(C10H8) in 54.3 g benzene (C6H6).