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to

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SATCOM ELEKTRONICS (P) LTD.

Awareness on increase potential of thunderstorm
due to Global Warming

Mitigation & management of lightning disaster

Human safety

Prevent equipment damage

Minimise Downtime and loss of operations

Reduce loss of revenue and service

 Awareness
Awareness for All
Incubate Social responsiveness of professionals

Technology - True safety & protection

 A strategic decision making tool for risk and disaster

management
Insurance culture – Against Loss Recovery
 Often it is found Insurance claims are not
materialised as safety standard has not been
maintained as general practice.
 Our Concern

Protect life from Direct Lightning Strikes

Protect Building & Structure from Direct Lightning

Protect Equipments damage from Lightning

Foundation of Protection
Global Warming
Global Warming
Global Warming
CCSR- Centre For Climate System Research(Tokyo,Japan)
CSIRO-Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation
Consequences of Lightning
Trees blown apart by lightning
Dry Lightning-Cause of wild-fires
Volcanic eruptions caused due to lightning strikes
Ruins of a building due to lightning
Skin Burns due to Lightning
Lightning - Facts & Figures
Lightning kills more people in the world than
hurricane and tornadoes put together.
On an average, lightning strikes the earth close to
60 times per second (1710th of second)
It is estimated that there are close to 1000 thunder
storms brewing on earth at any given moment.
Annual global damage - $1 billion due to lightning
strikes
Peak voltage of a single lightning strike, 10 billion
volts
Peak current up to 510 kA, and temperature up to
30,000º C five time hotter than the surface of the
sun
 Global Warming
Increase in average temperatures of the earth
causes more water to evaporate by heating up
of oceans

Presence of sufficient water vapour in the atmosphere

condenses into cloud

Green house gases build up in the atmosphere

thereby making the Earth hotter.

Storms and hurricanes become more frequent and

stronger as oceans get heated up.
 Global Warming Effect
Global warming will bring more severe Storms

- NASA
The most violent severe storms and tornadoes may
become more common as Earth’s climate Warms

- Say scientists with the National Aeronautics

Space Administration (NASA) using a new climate model.

The scientists predict that in a warmer climate, stronger

and more severe storms can be expected

- NEW YORK, New York, August 30, 2007 (ENS)

 Global distribution of
lightning
April- 1995 - Feb 2003

The combined
observation of

OTD (4/95-3/00)
and
LIS (1/98-2/03) instruments

represented through GIS

Average Thunderstorm Days (ATD) in Metros

70

60

50 Kolkata
Chennai
40
Delhi
30 Mumbai
Ahmedabad
20

10

ATD
Only a few incidents
brought to light

many more are

unreported
Analysis of Damages of the Electronic
Equipments

OVERVOLTAGES
(Caused by lightning
and switching
overvoltages) BAD USE
25.70%
26.60%

WATER
2.60%
FIRE
OTHERS 8.20%
27.90%
ROBBERIES
STORMS
8.90%
0.10%
For True lightning protection

U need to understand

the phenomena of lightning first….

 The Lightning Phenomenon

Cloud to Cloud & Inter Cloud

The Lightning Phenomenon

Cloud to Ground
 LIGHTNING
LIGHTNING
THE PHENOMENA
The Lightning

Lightning is
Generated by
Circulating Wind
and Water in
Thunderstorm
Cloud

The lightning is a reaction among the particles of water, ice

and hail existing in the cloud
The Lightning
 Lightning Phenomenon

Negative charges separate from clouds, then the negative

particles located on its base, induce a very light positive
charge on the earth surface

Aflow of electrons starts the down streamer emission

from cloud to earth - i.e. a z shaped path towards the ground

Downstreamer approaches the earth, and upstreamer

emission with positive charges starts coming up from the
earth to meet the negative charges from the cloud

When both streamers meet, electric circuit is closed and

a high current starts flowing from cloud to the earth

Negative particles discharge their power to the earth and give

a way to the lightning
Lightning Phenomenon continue …………..

• The lightning current is of a very high

frequency in the nature of a corona discharge

• It will therefore tend to flow on the periphery

(skin effect)

• For effective discharge to the ground, it is thus

essential that the capturing mechanism is
housed in a body made of conducting material
 Methods of Lightning Protection

Accepted methods of lightning protection

• Conventional Rods

• Early Streamer Emission (ESE) Lightning

Rods
 Continue ………..
Methods of Lightning Protection

• Conventional Rods –
 Methods of Lightning Protection

Conventional Rods – The Most

Commonly Used Device For Lightning
Protection
Angular protection provided by a Conventional
Lightning Rod

Upper tracer Impact Point

passive system
Protected Area
Protection Angle

15

h=Height of the capturing element given by meters.

Types of Protection by A Passive LPS
 Conventional Vs Nimbus Air Terminal
A COMPARISON
Conventional Nimbus
• PASSIVE SYSTEM • ACTIVE SYSTEM

• PROVIDES ONLY AN • PROVIDES A

ANGLE OF RADIUS OF
PROTECTION. PROTECTION.

• HENCE AREA • HENCE AREA

COVERED BY EACH COVERED BY EACH
ROD IS SMALL UNIT IS LARGE
 Conventional Vs Nimbus Air Terminal
A COMPARISON

Conventional Nimbus
• INTER CONNECTION • NO INTERCONNECTION
OF RODS IS A MUST. IS REQUIRED

• NO LIGHTNING • NIMBUS COULD COUNT

INCIDENT COUNTER THE NUMBER OF
AVAILABLE. LIGHTNING STRIKES.
Conventional Vs Nimbus Air Terminal
A COMPARISON
Conventional Nimbus
• ROD MADE OF CAST • BODY MADE OF
IRON. GETS STAINLESS STEEL
CORRODED EASILY HENCE NO CORROSION

• CORROSION • SYSTEM REMAINS

REDUCES SYSTEM HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND
EFFICIENCY AND RELIABLE OVER A LONG
RELIABILITY . PERIOD.
 Conventional Vs Nimbus Air Terminal
A COMPARISON
Conventional Nimbus
• PRONE FOR • DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND
DEGRADATION DUE ATMOSPHERIC
TO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS COMPLYING
POLLUTANTS INTERNATIONAL AISI 316
STANDARD
• NO SUCH SPECIFIC • International certified system
STANDARD of protection (UNE 21186/98
APPROVED and NFC 17-102/95)from
INTERNATIONALLY lightning strikes.
 Quality & Standards

Standard of lightning protection & safety

 Bureau of Indian Standard reaffirmed

Lightning safety & protection in 2005

For Protection of Buildings & Allied Structures

against Lightning-Code of practice

The Indian Code of Practice: Indian Standard: IS

2309: 1989

Global Standard: CTE SU 8, UNE 201186, NFC 17 102,

IRAM2426
 Cirprotec a technology provider from SPAIN
pioneer in

Lightning and Surge Protection system.

more than 30 years of experience in electrical sector
CIRPROTEC are among the pioneers in the
field of lightning and surge protection.

Having presence in more than 40 countries

across the globe.

Having more than a decade of experience in

this field.
 EXTERNAL LIGHTNING PROTECTION

USING THE NIMBUS

nimbus
CROSS-SECTION OF NIMBUS
 ESE Lightning Rod System

 Electronics based system which emits high

frequency impulses in order to ionize the air.

 Due to this ionization begins the corona effect

that assures the best path for the lightning to
strike to the ground.

 UNE 21186 (NFC 17 102) IS THE STANDARD

REQUIRED FOR THIS SYSTEM.

 Grounding and Bonding are the key areas

of this system.
 External Protection with Early Streamer
Emission ( E.S.E. ) lightning rod

Lightning Down Streamer

Impact Point

EARLY STREAMER
Nimbus Up-streamer tracer

Protection Area
NIMBUS ESE -Working Principle

GE

3 1

2
 NIMBUS - How does it Work?
• The ambient charge build up in the atmosphere
is used to charge the built in capacitor.

• Once the charge buildup increases, the discharge

mechanism is triggered, the capacitor discharges
through high voltage impulse amplifier.

• These impulses ionize the air over the lightning

rod thus generating an upward streamer.
 Design Aspects

Lightning Protection System

Major points
• In accordance with the NFC 17 102
standard.
• Based on a Prior Survey described in
next slide
 Prior Survey
• Assessment of Lightning Strike Probability

• Selection of Protection Level.

• Determine the required “Radius of Protection”.

• Location of all elements of the Lightning Protection

System including routing of Down Conductor.
 Determining

THE “LEVEL OF PROTECTION”

Assessment Parameters

• Size of the Structure

• Relative Geographical Position (whether

isolated or located on Hill Top or near to the
Coast, etc..)

• Number of people occupying / occupation

density

• Risk of Panic
 Assessment Parameters

• Criticality of the Structure.

• Structure Contents : Presence of Inflammable

Materials, Sensitive Equipments etc.

• Structures with special shapes.

• Difficulty of Access.
 Levels of Protection
Three Level Of Protections

• Level - I - MAXIMUM SECURITY

• Level - II - HIGH SECURITY

• Level - III - STANDARD SECURITY

 Mounting Location

The NIMBUS ESE lightning rod should

be mounted on the topmost plane of the
structure to be protected.

The tip of the nimbus ESE should be at

least 2 meters above the topmost point
of any other existing mounted structure.
 SELECTION OF NIMBUS ESE

LOCATION OF STRUCTURE

RADIUS OF PROTECTION

LEVEL OF PROTECTION

MODEL OF NIMBUS SELECTION ACCOMPLISHED

DETERMINING THE RADIUS OF
PROTECTION

Rp -Radius of Protection

h - Height difference
between the NIMBUS
tip and the horizontal
plane considered (of the
structure to be
protected)
Nimbus Lightning Rod Selection
NP Nivel I Nivel II Nivel III
n imb us nimbus nimbus nimbus nimbus nimbus nimbus nimbus nimbus
MOD ELO
CPT 1 CPT 2 CPT 3 CPT 1 CPT 2 CPT 3 CPT 1 CPT 2 CPT 3

h (m) Rp (m)

2 17 24 32 23 30 40 26 33 44
3 25 35 48 34 45 59 39 50 65
4 34 46 64 46 60 78 52 67 87
5 42 58 79 57 75 97 65 84 10 7
6 43 58 79 58 76 97 66 84 10 7
8 43 59 79 59 77 98 67 85 10 8
10 44 59 79 61 77 99 69 87 10 9
15 45 59 80 63 79 10 1 72 89 11 1
20 45 60 80 65 81 10 2 75 92 11 3
45 45 60 80 70 85 10 5 84 98 11 9
60 45 60 80 70 85 10 5 85 10 0 12 0

N P: N ive l de prot e cción

Rp: Radio de prot e cción
h: Alt ura de la punt a de l nimbus sobre
la supe rficie a pro t e ge r
* La punt a de l pararrayos de be sobre salir NFC 17102  PAG. 42
2 m por e ncima de cualquie r punt o.
UNE 21186  PAG. 38
WHY E.S.E ?

• Easy installation
• NO impact on the
building or structure.
• Less Manteinance cost
• Bigger Coverage
• Coverage of Outside
installations (open area
between buildings, parking
lots,etc..)
• Higher safety
• Easy calculation method
E.S.E. Lightning Rod

Nimbus
Lightning rods with High Frequency
Pulse Emission.
Certified by an External
Laboratory LCOE.
Finest quality of stainless steel
complying AISI 316.
No need of external power source.
EMC & EMI certified and proved
(interference)
Corrossion Certified
Lightning Protection Systems

Nimbus ESE

designed according

to

THE
THE FRENCH
FRENCH STANDARD
STANDARD
NF
NF C
C 17
17 -102
-102
Nimbus LPS has been tested on artificially created Lightning in the LCOE - Central
Official Electrotechnics Laboratory - Ministry of Industry and Energy (Madrid).
SEDIVER - High Voltage Laboratory of Bazet (France)

Testing Parameters Particulars Of Test

Polarization Level 60 kV
Current Level 100 kA
No of Lightning Strikes 100 Strikes
used( generated in Lab)
Frequency of Strikes Each strikes applied in an interval of 60
Test Certification 100 kA (10/350
µs)
Down
Down Conductor
Conductor

Design
Design Aspects
Aspects
 Down Conductor

• Down conductors can be in the form of

strips, braided cables or round sections.

• Lightning current has a skin effect, hence

flat conductor is better than round one,
as the outer surface area for a given cross
section is larger in a flat section.
 Down Conductor

Material can be of Copper, G.I. or Aluminum.

Tin plated copper conductor is recommended

over bare copper for its better conductivity,
corrosion resistance etc.
 Number Of Down
Conductors
A > B AND A < 28MTRS : 1 DOWN
CONDUCTOR

A: Vertical projection of down conductor

B: Horizontal projection of down conductor
 Number of Down
Conductors
A > 28MTRS OR A < B : 2 DOWN
CONDUCTORS

A: Vertical projection of down conductor

B: Horizontal projection of down conductor
 Down Conductor Routing
• Route down conductor along shortest possible
path.

• Bending radius should be strictly >20cms.

• Maximum slope for height increase shall be 45

degrees.

• When external routing is not practical, down

conductor can be routed inside a specific
service duct.
 Down Conductor Routing

• Effectiveness of the down conductor

system gets reduced if routed
internally.

• If a structure has metal cladding in its

outside, down conductor can be
attached behind the cladding to the
concrete wall.
 Discharge Counter
Keeps a track of the number of lightning strikes

Specifications:

• Minimum metering current (A) 250

• Maximum metering current (kA) 100
• Metering range 0÷999999
• Life time unlimited
• IP Rating 65
• Operation temperature (ºC) -20 ÷ 65
• Color Black RAL 9004
• Housing ABS
• Dimensions (mm) 63 x 33 x 57
• Hole (mm) 19
• Weight (g) 225
Fixing of a Down Conductor
 Recommended
Inspection/Maintenance
Schedule For The

Nimbus
 Recommended
Inspection/Maintenance
Schedule
PROTECTIO NORMAL INTENSIFIE
N LEVEL INTERVAL D INTERVAL

LEVEL - I 2 YEARS 1 YEAR

LEVEL - II 3 YEARS 2 YEARS

LEVEL - III 3 YEARS 2 YEARS

 Testing The Nimbus

Nimbus can be tested at site with a LR tester

Inspection of the lightning protection
system
Visual Inspection

Electrical continuity of conductors

Component fasteners / mechanical protectors to be in healthy

condition

Safety distance maintained and equipotential bondings to be

in proper condition

Measure and verify resistance values of the earth termination

systems.
 Lightning - The enigma

Not withstanding all the research done

by man, lightning continues to be an
enigma.

Despite all his knowledge, man still has to

recognize and sometimes surrender to
the awesome power of mother nature
 Lightning Surge & Hazards

 It is estimated that 70 to 85% of all

transients are generated internally within one’s
own facility.
(Source : Centre for Disaster Mitigation and Management,
VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India)

 How to protect in-house Valuable Modern

sensitive Process Control Instrumentation,
Information & Communication equipments from
Surge
 How does the surge protection system
prevent you from non recoverable loss.
Internal Protection – Overvoltage curves

Curve Lightning Type

Current lightning type (10/350 μs): This curve represents a wave’s form of a
lightning strike discharge and its associated energy.

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

10 50 10 0 200 300 350 400 µs

Switching Generates
Surges
whenever a circuit is
ON or OFF
Internal Protection – Overvoltage curves

Curve Overvoltage in Networks Type

Discharge Current of an overvoltage (8/20 μs): This curve represents a wave’s form of
an associated discharge to an overvoltage which is not produced by a direct lightning
strike.

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

8 20 µs
Internal Protection – Overvoltage curves

Comparison between the Overvoltage curves

Comparison of a discharge of 40 kA (10/350 μs) and an of 40 kA (8/20 μs).

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

8 20 100 200 300 350 400 µs

Conducted Surge Voltage
Induced Surge Voltage
Increased Earth Potential
A Typical Current Sharing pattern in case of Direct Lightning
strike-
Internal Protection

Overvoltages can be divided in two groups depending

always on time duration.

Temporary -- When duration is indeterminate.

Transient -- During a very short period of time

(microseconds)

TO BE 100% SAFE , WE HAVE TO COVER ALL

INCOMING LINES:
Electrical Line.
Telephone and data.
RF Communication line.
Measurement and Control.
Internal Protection- Protection Zone

Depending on the discharge

capacity of the surge protector and
the wave form , there are different IEC 61643-1
types of protection .

Type I : Surge arrestors with capacity for leading lightning strike

discharges (10/350 μ s). High protection level.

Type II : Surge arrestors with capacity for leading high discharges

(8/20 μ s). Medium protection level.

Type III : Surge arrestors with capacity for leading medium

discharges (8/20 μ s). Low protection level.
Internal Protection – Second Step of Protection Selection
Secondary Next to the
Main Switchboard
Switchboards equipments
Option A

Class II Class III

Class I
40 kA (10 kA.)
Option B

Class II Class II Class III

65 kA 15 kA (optional)
Option C

Class II Class II Class III

40 kA 15 kA (optional)
Complete solution on lightning and
surge protection
Public Places Public Ilumination

Industrial Applications
Traffic Signals
Internal Protection - Type I

Uc=Maximum operation Voltage

Up= Protection Level

Iimp=Maximum Discharge Current

(Type I 10/350μs)
Internal Protection - Type II

Uc=Maximum operating
voltage

Up=Protection Level

Imax=Maximum current
(TypeII 8 /20 μs).

In=Nominal Current
Internal Protection -
Type I + II Internal Protection – Equipments

Uc= Maximum operating

voltage

Iimp=Maximum Discharge
Current (Type I 10/350 μs)

Imax=Maximum current
(Type II 8 /20 μs.)

In=Nominal Current
APPLICATION – Electrical Power Line Surge Protector
 Salient features of the MSPD system

Combined (Class B & C) protection-

Enables protection from both lightning & switching surges
from the main incomer level.

Status indicator flag(local indication)-

Provides status indication for both Class B and Class C
characteristics.

Potential free contacts for Remote

indication – The MSPD also offers potential free contacts
in any form of audio visual alarm /automation that can be
configured.

Multiple levels of redundancy – If any element of an SPD

fuses due to a major surge, that element alone will be
disconnected from the circuit while the balance elements
in the circuit will continue to provide the protection.
APPLICATION: Communication Networks Surge Protector

Used in transceiver system

located at the top of the
structure for which the system
is at risk from lightning strike
or induction.

Protect communication
instruments connected in series
with RF cable
[Link],radio,satellite TV or
CCTV.
CT-10
RF Surge Protector
Scope of Protection: Modems,
Routers, Connected Computers,
Telephonic Switchboard.
 APPLICATION - Cellphone Repeaters

Power
Supply

Telephone
Lines

Radio
Stations

Antenna
Protection
 Application Area
AIRCONDITION
CCTV

Power
Supply
TELEPHONE LINES

Telephone
Lines

Radio
Stations COMPUTERS

PROCESS
CONTROL
Antenna
Protection

ATM MACHINES
 Applications:
Electrical Utilities versus end user
Traffic Light(LED,...)
Banks
Temporary Constructions Switchboards
Remote ATM machines
 WARNING:
Applications:
Telecom( BTS,TV repeaters, Remote radio stations,...)

For a correct operation

Public lighting systems(peopleof a Surge
safety)

Protection System it is a must to have a

Traffic Lights
Petrochemical Industries
correct level of earthing
 FOUNDATION OF PROTECTION:

BONDING
AND
GROUNDING
 Objectives:

Differentiating between Grounding and

Bonding and the role they play in protecting
personnel and equipment.

Emphasis on the role-play of grounding and

bonding towards an effective electrical
protection & power quality system

Implementation of different types of

equipment for effective grounding and
bonding systems.
EQUIPOTENTIALISATION
Equipotentialisation
Model : Disconnecting Spark
Gap

Lightning Impulse Current : 100 kA

Iimp (10/350 µs )

Response Voltage Uaw : < than equal to 10 kV

Protection level : < than equal to 5 kV

Connector : Copper

Enclosure Material : Porcelain

 Why Grounding?

Human Safety

Lightning Protection System (Dissipate Energy)

Equipment Protection
Operate over-current devices during a ground fault

Provide over- voltage control

ESD (Electrostatic Discharge)

Signal Reference Grounding (Noise control)

Maintenance Free Earthing System

Solution
EARTHING ELECTRODES
TECHNICAL
DRAWING
 COMPARISON CHART

• GALAXY EARTHING ELECTRODES: • OTHER AVAILABLE BRANDS:

1. Dual pipe with flat technology 1. Only pipe in pipe technology

2. Heavy bottom protection 2. Thin bottom protection of single layer plate
3. 100% contact of outer shell/inner/terminal shell 3. Except outer shell, inner shell does not have the
from top to bottom direct contact to the bottom (only 70%)
4. Powerful conducting compound filled inside (of 4. Ordinary conducting compound of 1999 technology
2006 innovation) 5. Very thin terminal
5. Heavy duty terminal of 38 x 10 6. Ordinary back fill compound which will take longer
duration time to get the desired result ( of 1999
6. Special composition of Moisture Booster for technology)
immediate results ( as per 2006 Technology ) 7. Very thin thickness in the pipe of inner and outer
7. Heavy wall thickness of outer shell and inner shell shells
8. Special terminal shell for longer duration 8. No terminal direct shell for long duration
9. Heavy duty micron application in galvanization 9. Normal coating of micron application in the outer
both in outer shell and inner shell shell and inner shell
10. Guarantee certificate will be issued for each earth 10. No guarantee certificate will be issued for its quality
confirmation
electrode for its quality
 Government Initiatives And Concern

Disasters identified by the High Powered Committee

1. Thunder and Lightning
2. Cyclones
3. Tornadoes and Hurricanes
4. Hailstorm
5. Cloud Burst
6. Water and Climate related disasters
7. Droughts
8. Floods and Drainage Management
9. Heat Wave and Cold Wave
10. Snow Avalanches
11. Sea Erosion

The High Powered Committee (HPC) was constituted in

August 1999 under the Chairmanship of Shri J.C. Pant. HPC members
constituted of the Ministries, States, NGOs and experts drawn from
relevant fields.
NIMBUS LPS Installation Areas
Airport Areas
NIMBUS LPS Installation Areas

Harbours & Sea Ports

NIMBUS LPS Installation Areas
Electrical Substations
 NIMBUS LPS Installation Areas
Hydel Power Station Solar Power Station
NIMBUS LPS Installation Areas
THERMAL POWER STATIONS
NIMBUS LPS Application Areas
REFINERIES
NIMBUS LPS Installation Areas
REAL ESTATES
 NIMBUS LPS Installation Areas

Health Sector Marine Infrastructure

Forest Offices University

NIMBUS LPS Installation Areas

Roads & Railways

NIMBUS LPS Installation Areas
Defense Establishments
FEEDBACK REPORT OF CLIENTS
 Our Installation Areas

1. ALL INDIA RADIO-KOLKATA

13. COROMANDEL FERTILIZERS LTD.
2. WEST BENGAL POWER
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LTD 14. BOMBAY SCOTTISH SCHOOL-
MUMBAI
3. MANGALORE REFINERY &
PETROCHEMICALS LTD. 15. MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER
EDUCATION-MANIPA
4. MANGALORE CHEMICALS &
FERTILIZERS LIMITED 16. SIEMENS LTD. – MUMBAI

5. BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH 17. TRIDENT CORPORATION-COCHIN

CENTRE-MYSORE 18. UB ENGINEERING-HYDERABAD
6. ANDHRA SUGARS LTD. 19. TURBO ENGINEERING-COIMBATORE
7. PREMIER COTTON TEXTILES- 20. HOGANAS INDIA LTD.-
COIMBATORE AHMEDNAGAR
8. NATIONAL AEROSPACE 21. STANDARD CHARTERED BANK-
LABORATORIES-BANGALORE CHENNAI
9. PRASHAR BHARATI-KOLKATA 22. SYNTHITE INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS
10. LARSEN & TOUBRO-HYDERABAD LTD.

11. INDUSIND BANK-MUMBAI 23. SJR BUILDERS – BANGALORE

12. ALL INDIA RADIO-GUWAHATI 24. VIJAI ELECTRICALS LTD-

HYDERABAD
THANK YOU…