FL – Module 2
9/4/21
14 Learner-Centered Psychological Principles
Introduction
You, the learners, are the center of instruction. The
world of instruction revolves around you. This module is
focused on the (14) principles that run through the twenty-five
(modules) of this course.
Advanced Organizer
• 14 Learner – Centered Principles
• Cognitive and metacognitive Factors (6 principles)
• Developmental and Social Factors (2 principles)
• Motivational and Effective Factors (3 principles)
• Individual Differences factors (3 principles)
Engage – Do this activity
1. Examine the title, “Learner – Centered Psychological
Principles”. Quickly jot down at least ten words that come
to your mind.
2. Go back to each word and write phrases about why you
think the word can be associated with LCP.
Explore
• Answer this question.
• What is the focus of Learner- Centered Psychological
Principles?
Explain (Read the topic LCP p. 20-26).
Topic: Learner – Centered Psychological Principles
1. What are the 4 aspects of the 14 principles (LCP)?
2. Under Cognitive and Metacognitive factors are 6 principles. What
are they?
• 3. Under Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors is the
principle, Nature of the learning process which says,
The learning of a complex subject matter is most
effective when it is an intentional process of constructing
meaning from information.
Elaborate.
• 4. Under Cognitive and Metacognitive factors is the principle, Goals
on the learning process . It is said that…
The successful learner, over time and with support and
instructional guidance, can create meaningful, coherent
representations of knowledge.
What do you mean by this principle?
• 5. Under Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors is the principle ,
Construction of Knowledge which says..
The successful learner can link new information with existing
knowledge in meaningful ways.
Explain.
6. Under Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors is the principle, Strategic
thinking, which says..
The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking
and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals.
Elaborate on this.
7. Under Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors is the principle, Thinking
about thinking. It is said that…
Higher order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental
operations facilitate creative and critical thinking.
Explain this principle.
8. Under Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors is the principle Context of
learning which says..
Learning is influenced by environmental factors, including
culture, technology and instructional practices.
Elaborate.
On Motivational and Affective Factors
9. Under Motivational and Affective Factors is the principle,
Motivational and emotional influences on learning, which says..
What and how much is learned is influenced by the learner’s
motivation. Motivation to learn, in turn, is influenced by the individual’s
emotional states, beliefs, interests and goals, and habits of thinking.
Explain.
10. Under Motivational and Affective Factors is the principle, Intrinsic
motivation to learn. It says that…
The learner’s creativity, higher order thinking, and natural
curiosity all contribute to motivation to learn. Intrinsic motivation is
stimulated by tasks of optimal novelty and difficulty, relevant to
personal interests, and providing for personal choice and control.
Give some more ideas of this principle.
11. Still under the Motivational and Affective factors is the principle,
Effects of motivation on effort, which says
Acquisition of complex knowledge and skills requires extended
learner effort and guided practice. Without learners’ motivation to
learn, the willingness to exert this effort is unlikely without coercion.
What do you mean by this principle?
On Developmental and Social Factors
12. Under Developmental and Social Factors is the principle on
Developmental influences on learning, which says…
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities and
constraints for learning. Learning is most effective when differential
development within and across physical, intellectual, emotional and
social domain is taken into account.
Give your ideas.
13. Still under Developmental and Social Factors is the principle Social
influences on learning, which says..
Learning is influenced by social interactions, interpersonal
relations and communications with others.
Elaborate some more.
On Individual Differences Factors
14. Under Individual Differences Factors is the principle on Individual
differences in learning, which says..
Learners have different strategies, approaches and capabilities for
learning that are a function of prior experience and heredity.
Explain this principle.
15. Under Individual Differences Factors is the principle , Learning
Diversity, which says
Learning is most effective when differences in learners’ linguistic,
cultural and social backgrounds are taken into account.
What do you mean by this principle?
16. The last principle and under Individual Differences Factors is on
Standard and assessment, which says..
Setting appropriately high and challenging standards and
assessing the learner as well as learning progress – including diagnostic
process and outcome assessment– are integral parts of the learning
process.
Application (Worksheets 2)
• 1. Read more on Learner-Centered Classrooms and make a poster
about it.
• 2. Read a research or study related to Learner-Centered Psychological
Principle (LCP) . Answer/supply the following.
a. Title and Source (Complete APA bibliographical entry format)
b. Problem
c. Findings
d. Conclusions/ Recommendations
3. Describe what you can do to advocate the use of the 14 Learner-
Centered Psychological Principles.
4. Make an outline for a lecture on 14 Leaner-Centered Principles
5. Make a 3-minute speech on 14 Learner-Centered Principles.
6. Make a 5-minute non-stop writing on the 14 Learner-Centered
Psychological Principles. Start your paragraph with the statement, I
realized that…