NIKITA SETH IT 3 RD SEM (439/08 )
Contents
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE APPLICATION AREAS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
Introduction
A basic definition:
Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced. Nanotechnology, shortened to "nanotech", is the study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale
Principle
Nanotechnology involves working
with matter at the scale of one billionth of a matter. At the nano scale ,the physical, chemical and biological properties of materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules of bulk matter. 4
Applications of nanotech
MEDICAL AREA
SUPERCOMPUTING MEMS SMART CLOTHING
Medical area
Nano surgical tools can help in
making up the damages at molecular and cellular level. Nanotechnology may also be useful for developing ways to detect and eradicate cancer cells. Nanorobots could also be programmed to perform delicate surgeries or remove obstructions in the circulatory system.
Supercomputers
Assemblers will enable the construction of both molecular electronic and molecular mechanical devices. It is to be expected that electronic effects will permit faster switching times than do mechanical effects, permitting the construction of faster and much powerful computers.
Nanotubes
Nanotubes are tiny tubes of
carbon about 10,000 times thinner than human hair. These consist of rolled up sheets of multilayer carbon atoms in hexagon shape. They conduct electricity better than copper and are more stronger than steel wire. 8
Microelectrical-mechanical system(MEMS)
MEMS is the integration of mechanical
elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through micro fabrication technology. While the electronics are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) , the micromechanical components are fabricated using compatible "micromachining" processes that selectively etch away parts of the silicon wafer or add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices.
Smart clothing
Clothes made of Titanium
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Advantages of Nanotechnology
Nano-structuring is expected to bring about lighter, stronger and
programmable materials. In medical field we will have microscopic robots floating in our blood streams fighting against cancer cells, AIDS HIV virus, genetic disorders or even ageing. We can create pollution free environment by having automatic clean up systems of existing pollutants. Many extinct plants and animals can be studied and even reintroduced. Some of the novel inventions like airplanes, space crafts and other transport made from lightweight material are possible with nano techniques. Computers billions of times faster and with massive memory but with miniscale storage devices
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Disadvantages of nano technology
Nanotech particles will penetrate living cells and accumulate in
animal organs, and can perhaps enter the food chain.
There is no regulatory body dedicated to check this potent and
powerful invasion.
Their impact on environment is unknown .e.g. Nanotubes of
carbon use gallium & arsenic and minute traces of gallium arsenide in the body could prove toxic.
Changes in the proteins due to the presence of nano particles in
the blood stream could trigger dangerous effects like blood clotting
A whole new class of toxins or the environmental problems may
be created due to nanotechnology.
Reaction of humans and existing environment to these
nanoparticles and nanobots and their acceptance is not known. 12
Conclusion
Nanotechnology with all its challenges and
opportunities will become a part of our future.
The researchers are optimistic for the products
based upon this technology.
Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering in
the new industrial revolution. 13
THANK YOU
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