Data Analytics and Visualization
IMBA III SEM
Prepared By
S Naresh Kumar
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
UNIT-I
Introduction to Data Analysis- Meaning and Importance of analytics and
visualization in the era of data abundance
Review of probability, statistics and random processes.
Brief introduction to estimation theory.
What is Data?
Data is a raw and unorganized fact that required to be processed to make
it meaningful.
Data comprises facts, observations, perceptions numbers, characters,
symbols, image, etc
Data
Raw data
RCES si neo of eht opt llgeco in eltnannag rgenio
Information Processing
SREC is one of the top college in Telangana region
Information
Raw Data : Raw data (sometimes called source data or atomic data)
is data that has not been processed for use
Raw data that has undergone processing is sometimes referred to as cooked
data.
Although raw data has the potential to become "information," it requires
selective extraction, organization, and sometimes analysis and formatting for
presentation
Example 1 : String “RCES si neo of eht opt llgeco in eltnannag rgenio
“ is a data that need to be processed
Example 2 : a point-of-sale terminal (POS terminal) in a busy supermarket
collects huge volumes of raw data each day, but that data doesn't yield much
information until it is processed
Information
Information is a set of data which is processed in a meaningful way according to
the given requirement. Information is processed, structured, or presented in a
given context to make it meaningful and useful.
Example 1 : SREC is one of the top college in Telangana region , can gain
knowledge like best engineering college ,recently reached University ,famous
for the quality of education
Example 2 : (refer example 2 in raw data ) POS data once processed, the
data may indicate the particular items that each customer buys, when
they buy them, and at what price. Such information can be further
subjected to predictive technology analysis to help the owner plan future
marketing campaigns
Data can be categorized into Data
Quantitative : numbers and things such as
height, length, area, Quantitave Qualitative
price ,volume ,temperature and
humidity
Continuous , discrete Contin
Discrete
uous
Qualitative : characteristics and descriptors
that can’t be easily measured such as color
Ordi
and smells… Binomial Nominal
nal
Binomial ,nominal and ordinal
Quantitative (Numerical)
There are two types of quantitative data, which is also referred to as
numeric data: continuous and discrete. As a general rule, counts are
discrete and measurements are continuous.
Discrete data is a count that can't be made more precise. Typically it
involves integers. For instance, the number of children (or adults, or pets)
in your family is discrete data, because you are counting whole, indivisible
entities: you can't have 2.5 kids, or 1.3 pets.
Continuous data, on the other hand, could be divided and reduced to
finer and finer levels. For example, you can measure the height of your
kids at progressively more precise scales—meters, centimeters,
millimeters, and beyond—so height is continuous data.
Qualitative(Categorical)
Qualitative Flavors: Binomial Data, Nominal Data, and Ordinal Data
When you classify or categorize something, you create Qualitative or attribute data.
Therefore it can represent things like a person’s gender, language etc.
There are three main kinds of qualitative data.
Binary data place things in one of two mutually exclusive categories: right/wrong,
true/false, or accept/reject.
Nominal Data : Nominal values represent discrete units and are used to label variables,
that have no quantitative value. Just think of them as „labels“. Note that nominal data
that has no order. Therefore if you would change the order of its values, the meaning
would not change.
Ordinal Data :Ordinal values represent discrete and ordered units. It is therefore
nearly the same as nominal data, except that it’s ordering matters
Identify categories of data
Are you married ?
Yes
No
What language do you speak
Telugu
English
French
Spanish
Chinese
What is your educational background ?
1- Elementary school
2-High School
3- Undergraduate
4-Graduate
What is the seating capacity cinema hall?
150
Temperature ?
35.6
40.3
Data Analysis ?
Data analysis is the process of collecting and organizing ,transforming, and
modeling data to discover useful information and to draw helpful conclusions
from it.
Or
process of evaluating data using analytical and statistical tools to discover useful
information and aid in business decision making. There are a several data
analysis methods including data mining, text analytics, business intelligence and
data visualization.
The process of data analysis uses analytical and logical reasoning to gain
information from the data.
The main purpose of data analysis is to find meaning in data so that the derived
knowledge can be used to make informed decisions.
Data Analysis ?
Data analytics is used in business to help organizations make better
business decisions.
Whether it’s market research, product research, positioning, customer
reviews, sentiment analysis,
or any other issue for which data exists, analyzing data will provide
insights that organizations need in order to make the right choices.
Advantages Of Data Analysis:
Ability to make faster, more informed business decisions, backed up by facts.
Deeper understanding of customer requirements which, in turn, builds
better business relationships.
Increased awareness of risk, enabling the implementation of preventative
measures.
Improved flexibility and greater capability in order to react to change - both
within the business and the market.
Better insight into the financial performance of the business.
Proven to reduce costs and therefore increase profit.
Challenges of Data Analytics
1. The amount of data being collected
2. Collecting meaningful and real-time data
3. Visual representation of data
4. Data from multiple sources
5. Inaccessible data /poor quality data /Uncertainty
6. Shortage of skills
7. Scaling data analysis
8. Lack of support
9. Security and privacy of Data
Refer
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