A R 32 4 1 P ROFESS
IONA L P RA CTICE 2
PROJECT
DELIVERY
METHODS
Presentatio [Link] involved in the Design and
Construction Process
n Overview
[Link] DeliveryMethods
Design-Bid-Build
Design-Build
Owner-Builder
On the Project Construction
[Link] Management vs
Phase of the Regular Design
Project Management
Services of the Architect
IV. Project Scheduling Methods
Project Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT)
Critical Path Method
(CPM) Gantt Chart
Other Construction
Scheduling Charts
THE 4 PRINCIPAL MEMBERS INVOLVED IN
THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS
The Owner The Contractor
The individual who orders the The individual who executes the construction
implementation of a project. work.
The Architect & his Other Groups of Individuals
Specialist Consultants (SCs)
Sets of individuals who help with the
The individuals who provide plan/ supervision and delivery of the
design services as well as limited inspection construction work.
services.
THE
PROJECT
DELIVERY
METHODS
O F T H EP R O J E C T CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
PROJECT DELIVERY METHODS
OVERVIEW
DESIGN-BID- DESIGN-B OWNER-BUIL
BUILD UILD DER
This method is the This method allows the This method allows the
"traditional" of owner to sign one contract owner to manage and
means
project delivery wherein with a single firm or entity coordinate
the architect and the that performs both design construction work in
general contractor work and construction services the mannerof
licensed a
directly for the owner from the beginning and professional builder. In
under separate contracts, end of a project. The entity this
owner assumes
way, the
a
which allows a greater or firm hired by the owner, general contractor's role
deal for the owner to in this case, bears the sole and either perform the
direct the project. This responsibility of completing work
method, however, poses a the design and themselves or appoints
high risk of payment and construction of the project. employees/subcontractors
communication problems. to work on a project.
The
PROCESS AND FACETSOF T
HE DESIGN- BID-BUILD M
ETHOD:
Design- OWNE
R
Bid-Build ARCHITE
CT
CONTRACT
OR
Method ENGINEER
S &CONSUL
TANTS
SUB-
CONTRACT
OR
The Design-Bid-Build method is a linear approach to building
design and construction. It also caters to owners who are seeking
low-cost proposals.
In this method, the owner hires designers and builders separately.
Thus, the design firm provides all the design documents, while
the owner invites contractors to submit bids to complete the
defined scope of work.
Parties involved in the Design-Bid-Build Method: the Owner, the
Architect and Design Team, General Contractor, Sub-Contractors,
and Consultants.
The
PROCESS AND FACETSOF T
HE DESIGN- BID-BUILD M
ETHOD:
Design- The Design-Bid-Build process consists of three (3) project
phases:
THE DESIGN PHASE
the Design phase, the Bid phase, and the Build phase.
Bid-Build
The design phase begins when an owner hires a designer, typically an
architect, to design a new facility. The architect will provide all the
necessary
drawings and specifications that the contractor's team will need to
complete the construction work. After the design work is completed, the
Method
project is put out to bid.
THE BID PHASE
To prepare their bid, general contractors will analyze the construction
documents, consult with any necessary subcontractors, and ask the
architect clarifying questions. After all the general contractors have filed
their bids, the designer will analyze each one, ask the contractor for any
further information, and ultimately selects the bid that best meets the
owner's needs.
THE BUILD PHASE
After the winning bid has been selected, the build phase begins, and the
general contractor's team can begin building the new facility. The architect
will oversee the work of the general contractor and subcontractors to
ensure that the owner obtains a high-quality final product. However, if
problems occur in the design, the owner is liable for any additional
charges incurred. This often results in "change orders," which are costly.
DESIGN-BID-BUILD PART-TIME
SUPERVISION
A Construction Inspector or Clerk of Work assists the Architect
in overseeing the construction work.
The Architect-in-charge of construction (Aicc) is involved and
is directly responsible for the construction supervision of the
project.
DESIGN BID - BUILD FULL TIME SUPERVISION
In more complex projects, A Construction Supervision Group
(CSG) is hired to perform a full-time inspection at the project
site. They are typically recommended by the Architect based on
their performance, and hired by the owner.
A Construction Manager can be hired to provide Construction
Management Services.
The Construction Manager can hire a CSG under his
employment or oversees the CSG hired directly by the owner.
The
PROCESS AND FACETSOF T
HE D E S I G N - B U IL D M E T H O D :
Design- OWNE
R
Build
DESIGN-
BUILD TE
AM
Method
ARCHITE SUB-
CONSULTA
C T /D E S I CONTRACT
NTS
GNER OR
In the Design-Build method, the architect undertakes professional
responsibility and civil liability for both the design and
construction of the project.
The method provides owners with a single point of contact for
both design and construction phases. One entity bears single-
source duty and contractual risk, which include the estimation,
assessments, pre-construction, architectural design, schematics,
subcontracting, engineering, construction, and post-construction
.The Design-Builder is in charge of all contracts with companies
like subcontractors, equipment suppliers, and material suppliers.
Parties involved in the Design-Bid-Build Method: the Owner,
Design-Build team, Consultants, Architect, and Subcontractor.
2 TYPES OF
DESIGN- BUILD
SERVICES
B. DESIGN-BUILD S E R V I C E S W IT H
A . D E S I G N -GBUUAIRL A
D N T E E SDEM
RAVX IC
IMESU MB Y PARDOMJ I N I S
TRATION
E C TC O N S T R U C T I O N COST
Design-Build
Services by
Administratio
n
The Scope of Design-Build Services by
Administration is similar to the
Architect's Regular Design Services:
Project Definition Phase
Schematic Design Phase
Design Development
Phase Contract Document
Phase Construction Phase
After the various phases of the design services have
Design-Build been completed, the Construction Phase goes
beyond periodic inspection and assessment to
Services by encompass the following:
Preparation of work schedule, program, estimates of
Adminstratio materials, transportation, labor, equipment, and
services as reference for construction.
n
Organization and hiring of construction personnel,
job descriptions, and remunerations.
Negotiation and contracting with piecework
contractors and evaluation of work accomplishments.
Procurement of plants, materials, and equipment, as
well as permits and licenses.
Authorizing and undertaking account
payments. Maintaining records and books of
accounts.
Meetings with government and private agencies
with control over the project;
Supervising all other business transactions
associated with the project's construction and
implementation.
Design-build
services With
Guaranteed
Maximum Project
Construction
Cost
Contains the same method as the Design-
Build Services by Administration, except the
Architect provides the owner a guaranteed
maximum project construction cost for the
project's construction.
In this type, the Architect provides the owner with a
Design-build project estimate. If there are savings from the
services With
estimated project construction cost after its
completion,
are divided the savingsbetween the Owner and
equally
Guaranteed
the Architect.
The project Construction Cost is guaranteed by the
Maximum Project
Architect not to exceedten percent (10%) of
estimated project construction cost. If the actualthe
cost
Construction
exceeds the estimated project construction cost by 10%,
the Architect will be liable for the excess amount, but
Cost only up to the amount of his administration fee.
If there are additional costs beyond the guaranteed
maximum project construction cost due to legitimate
change/variation orders (CVOs), extra work orders
(EWOs), substantial escalation of material or labor costs
as evidenced by data certified by a nationally
recognized agency such as the National Economic
Development Authority (NEDA), or other causes not
attributable to the Architect's fault, the additional costs
shall be handled by the owner.
ARCHITECT'S MANNER OF PROVIDING
SERVICES IN THE DESIGN-BUILD
METHOD
The Architect is a part of or a
member of the entity that is The Architect is himself a state-
constructing his design. The licensed contractor who is
Architect collaborates with or implementing his design (or
has authorized an entity to that of others).
construct his design.
The
PROCESS AND FACETSOF T
HE D E S I G N - B U IL D M E T H O D :
Design-
The Design-Bid-Build process consists of five (5) project phases:
Design-Builder Selection, Pre-Construction, Architectural Design,
Construction, and Post-Construction
Build
DESIGN-BUILDER SELECTION
In this phase, the owner selects a design-build team. The
designer- builder submits proposals, which are like the bids in
the Design- Bid-Build method that represent his best price for
Method
the project. The contractor-architect team with the most design-
build experience and that best understands the owner's vision,
needs, and budget is frequently chosen after thorough screening.
PRE-CONSTRUCTION
The designer-builder in this phase will gain knowledge of the
owner's business, including its goals, budget, obstacles, and overall
project vision. Architects, Engineers, Contractors, and other
professionals will collaborate throughout this phase to examine
existing structures, electrical systems, and other factors to identify
what needs to be done before construction can begin. These
evaluations enable a detailed examination of the construction site,
allowing the design-build team to maximize efficiency
throughout the project.
The
PROCESS AND FACETSOF T
HE D E S I G N - B U IL D M E T H O D :
Design-
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
After the project's parameters have been clearly defined, all project team
members will start developing the best possible design solution to
accomplish the project. Aside from satisfying functional needs and style
Build
preferences, the design-build team will examine potential areas for cost
savings and increased productivity. The general vision of the project is also
established in this phase, and preliminary drawings are submitted to the
owner. Pricing estimates are also developed, and the owner is given a final
Method
budget.
Furthermore, the project schedule is determined, and initial building
drawings are provided. At this point, all project expectations have been
established, and the project can commence upon agreement. No
additional bids will be made since the designer and contractor are
working together.
CONSTRUCTION
The design-build team can proceed to secure permits and begin
construction almost immediately. Initial construction can also begin during
the design phase, which speeds up the construction phase. Since there is
usually only one point of contact for the project, communication is eased
throughout the construction phase. Accountability is established as
everyone is on the same team working toward the same goals and
deadlines. Change orders are also minimal because of the collaborative
nature of the design-build delivery method.
The
PROCESS AND FACETSOF T
HE D E S I G N - B U IL D M E T H O D :
Design-
ADMINISTERINGTHE DESIGN-BUILD METHOD IN
THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Owners who venture into Design-Build Services for their
Build
projects forego the benefit of having a separate party
supervise the construction quality.
Instead, during the construction phase, the design-builder
Method
has complete control over all construction works. Thus,
choosing a reliable design-builder is critical to the success
of Design-Build.
POST-CONSTRUCTION
The Design-Build team offers an overview of the
project
deliverables, along with various organization
management and training resources, such
as
videos, documented instructionaland in-person training
procedures,
sessions for applicable people when the project is
completed. The post-construction process is frequently
more streamlined than the design-bid-build method since
all of the work is done by a single entity.
The Owner-
Builder
Method
The Owner-builder project delivery method
involves the owner acting as the project's
general contractor. The owner will be in
charge of supervising the project's
planning, coordination, scheduling, and
implementation.
Parties involved in the Owner-
Method the owner, Builder owner's
: hired construction employees,
construction foreman. workers, and
The
PROCESS AND FACET
S OF THE OWNER- BUI
L DAnE R METHOD:
Owner-
owner-builder may hire an Architect to produce
architectural drawings and perform site visits on an as-
needed basis.
Builder
An owner can hire a set of construction workers or teams
to build his/her project while performing the duties of a
contractor or construction manager in overseeing
and managing the quality of work.
Method A construction foreman assists the owner in supervising
the construction work.
The owner will also bear the responsibility of
contacting suppliers and sourcing building materials.
ANOWNER-BUILDER MAY
D OT H E F O L L O W I N G :
Build a new home
renovate or alter an existing
home build a shed, garage, or
carport
build a pergola or other entertainment
areas build a swimming pool
The Owner-
Builder
Method
RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN OWNER-BUILDER:
Obtaining a building permit
Ensuring worker and site
safety
Correcting any faulty
construction work
If an owner-built home is to be sold, the
owner-builder must have the appropriate
insurance policies.
Arranging for the certification of
completed work and ensuring that the
work meets local standards and building
CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
VS PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
O F T H EP R O J E C T CONS
TRUCTION PHASE
Construction
Manageme
Construction Management is a professional
nt
service that helps project owners manage the
time, cost, quality, safety, scope, and function
of their projects.
The primary purpose of this service is to
supervise the construction of a particular
project or structure.
All project delivery methods are compatible
with construction management. A
Construction Manager's (CM) responsibility is to
the owner and a successful project regardless
of its setting.
Construction
Manageme
PARTIES INVOLVED IN
nt
THE
C O N S T R U C T I O NM A N A G E M E N T :
The owner who appoints or hires the
Construction Manager
General Contractor
The Construction Manager (CM) could either be:
A member of the owner's
staff
A firmAn hired
independent
by the to manage
individual
owner construction of a the
project.
An Architect
Construction IMPORTANT FACETS AN
D FUNCTIONS OF THE CO
NSTRUCTION MANAGER
Oversees and ensures that all construction operations
are properly monitored in terms of quality, cost, and
Manageme
workmanship.
Performs coordination and supervision
works Cost and time control
nt Workplace quality
control keeping of
records
Determines the best feasible sequence of
construction operations and prepares a detailed
schedule and budget.
establishes plans for project safety and security and
assists the owner in risk management.
The Architect as a Construction Manager (CM) is
directly responsible to the owner for all aspects of
the construction project including programming,
coordination, quality, cost, and time management.
Project
Manageme
nt Project Management (PM) entails
operations over and above themanagerial
architectural andengineering(A&E) standard
provided during the pre-design, services
design, and
construction phases. The overall goal is to have
complete control over the project construction
schedule, cost, and quality.
Compared to Construction Management, Project
Management encompasses a broader scope as the
project manager is responsible for all parts of the
project, from site selection to land acquisition, to
even hiring the construction manager.
Project
Manageme
nt
The Project Manager does not absolve designers and
contractors of their duties
responsibilities in respective and
the
construction. project's
In meeting the complex design and
requirements
of a project, the Project Manager (PM) complements
the functions of Architects, Engineers, and
Contractors.
The primary responsibility of the Project Manager
(PM) is to maintain the overall cost management.
The Project Manager (PM) organizes, formulates, and
oversees numerous tasks, as well as serves as an
adviser on material costs and construction methods.
Project
Manageme
nt
PARTIES INVOLVE
D IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT:
The owner who appoints or hires the
Project Manager
The Project Manager (PM) could either be:
An Architect
An Architectural Firm
An Independent Individual
A member of the owner's staff
Project IMPORTANT FACETS AND
FUNCTIONS OF THEPROJECT
Manageme
MANAGER
During the Pre-Construction Phase
The Project Manager (PM) should consult with the Owner
nt
and the Architects and Engineers (for A&E services) on all
areas of project planning as early as during the design
development phase, possibly even simultaneously with the
Architect's commission.
During the Construction Phase
If the Project Manager (PM) simultaneously serves as the
Construction Manager (CM) to monitor time, cost, and
quality management during the project's construction, he
shall provide services similar to that of a Construction
Manager.
When an architect signs a contract with a client to provide
comprehensive architectural services, he takes on the roles of
a Project Manager (PM) and Construction Manager (CM). If
the Project Manager is a separate individual or firm, he then
operates as a member of an Owner-Architect-Engineer-
Contractor Team.
PROJECT
SCHEDULING
METHODS
OF T H EP R O J E C T CONSTRUCTIO
N PHASE
PERT-
CPM
PERT and CPM are two network-
based
project management methods that
illustrate how activities and events flow
together.
The two scheduling methods have
common a
approach
network and to itsdesigning
determining the
critical path.
They are used in conjunction with one
another to ensure the successful
completion of a project.
Program
Evaluation and
Review
Technique The PERT Chart was developed in the 1950s and was
(PERT) aimed to reduce the time and cost of a project.
The PERT Chart is a project management tool that
illustrates the timeline of a project graphically. The
technique deconstructs a project's separate activities
for study.
PERT becomes an appropriate technique for projects
in which the time necessary or needed to accomplish
several operations is unknown.
PERT is primarily used to organize, schedule, and
integrate various tasks within a project. It is an
effective technique for project evaluation and
provides a blueprint for the project.
Program The PERT
separate
Chart displays project
boxes through a flow chart. Task
tasks in
Evaluation and dependencies
arrows between
boxes, which
are linked to one another with
allows managers to set project
Review milestones and detect any potential obstacles.
Technique
The technique examines and displays the tasks
required to complete a project to determine the
(PERT)
shortest time to complete each task and the
shortest time to complete the entire project.
This method is based on the probability of
completing each activity on time. The time is
unimportant in this technique, and the
completion of each activity is ensured.
As a result, this is best suited
technique projects in for
research design, etc. &
investigation, PERT is also a
development,
fundamentally computer-based approach due
to the large number of calculations needed.
PERT
PROCESS/STEP
S
Identification of activities and milestones
Determining the proper flow/sequence
of activities.
Network diagram construction
Estimating the required time for
each activity
Determining the critical
path Updating the PERT
chart
Program H O WA P E R T
S IN
CHART HELP
THE CONSTRUCT
Evaluation and ION PHASE
PROJECT
OF A
Review A PERT chart helps a project manager in analyzing a
Technique
project's tasks and estimating the time needed to
finish each activity.
(PERT)
timeproject
The required to complete
manager the project
can estimate using
the least the
amount
of
information in the PERT chart.
This data also aids the project manager in developing
a budget and determining the resources required to
complete the project.
Critical
Path
Method
(CPM)
CPM is a project management technique that is utilized
when the project's completion time is already known.
CPM is mostly used to estimate the length of time it will
take to accomplish a job. This means that the CPM is used
when activities are defined and measurable, and the
lowest overall cost is of utmost importance.
The critical path is the most important in project
management since it ensures that the project is completed
in the shortest possible period.
The CPM technique is used in construction projects based
on the knowledge and experience of previous projects to
precisely estimate the time needed for various tasks during
project execution.
Critical
The CPM technique assumes that the duration of the
activities is certain and fixed as it can be used to
calculate the earliest and latest probable start times
Path for each activity.
The CPM technique is also an activity-oriented
system and is most suited for non-research projects
Method such as civil construction, shipbuilding, etc.
Critical and non-critical activities are segregated in
(CPM)
the CPM technique to save time and eliminate the
queue generation in the process. In this case, the
technique
clearly defines the hierarchy of events in a
construction project.
To apply this technique, a list of all the activities
required to accomplish a project is created, followed
by the calculation of the time required to perform
each activity. Afterwhich, the dependencies between
the activities are then determined
A network's "path" is defined as a series of activities.
The critical path is the path with the longest length.
CPM
PROCESS/STEP
SListing of activities
Identifying task dependencies
Developing a network
diagram Estimation of task
duration Computing the
critical path
Computing the float or the amount
of flexibility of a given task
Critical H O WA C P MC H A R T
N
PHASE
THE CONSTRUCTION
OF A
HELPS I
Path PROJECT
A CPM schedule allows project managers to precisely
Method
determine the project duration and adhere to it.
It aids contractors in determining subcontractor start
and end dates, which are organized by project
(CPM) phases The CPM technique calculates the difference
to see construction
between progress.
actual and planned This also
time, allowing
determine which tasks are taking
managers
helps
project
longer
expected and which tasks are on than
schedule.
GANTT
CHART
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that
displays project tasks in a linear timeline
and encourages stakeholders to organize
the project with several levels of detail
while considering dependencies between
tasks.
The Gantt chart shows all the project
tasks that must be accomplished, as well
as the time given for each task and task
dependencies. This helps project managers
estimate the project's duration and in
identifying the critical path to take during
construction.
GANTT
CHAR
T
A Gantt Chart usually includes the start/end dates for
activities as well as a summary of a project's
activities. It, however, lacks the complexity of more
comprehensive approaches and does not mention
the resources or materials required to finish it.
Gantt charts are useful for establishing a project
hierarchy, indicating which tasks demand immediate
attention and which must be completed before
other dependent projects may proceed.
GANTT
CHART
A Gantt Chart
following components:
shows the
The start date of the project
The project's entire set of
tasks
The individual responsible for each
task The start and end of each task
The time spent on each task
The responsibilities that are assigned to a
group
The tasks that overlap with each
other The tasks that are
interconnected
GANTT
CHART
Gantt Chart usage in Construction Phase:
To explain the project's overall plan
and status.
To keep track of project activities
with precision.
To gain an understanding of the
project proposals.
To instruct a process or procedure
of working.
To show the tasks that are reliant on the
completion of the previous job.
OTHER
CONSTRUCTION
SCHEDULING CHARTS
OF T H EP R O J E C T CONSTRUCTION PHASE
LINE OF
BALANC
E (LOB) Line of Balance (LOB) is a construction management
control process that is utilized when a project
involves blocks or repetitive work activities.
LOB gathers, measures, and presents data on time,
cost, and completion, and compares it to a
predetermined plan.
The repetitive project work is depicted as a single line
on a graph in the LOB diagram. It differs from a bar
chart because it illustrates the rate at which work
must be completed to stay on schedule. It also shows
the relationship between one trade or procedure to
the subsequent trade or procedure.
Q
SCHEDULIN
G
The Q scheduling method uses a bar chart format to
illustrate the quantities of materials that will be used
at different locations and different periods during the
project.
The letter "Q" stands for two things: quantitative and
queue. Quantitative refers to the quantities of
resources that must be employed at various times
and locations on the project. The queue refers to the
sequence in which trades must pass through in
order to work on a project without interfering with
one another.
RESOURCE
ORIENTED
SCHEDULIN
G
The Resource Oriented Scheduling is a scheduling
strategy that is based on the project's resources, with
the most efficient use of those resources being
prioritized.
This technique may also be applied in projects where
competition arises between tasks or components for
project resources.
This scheduling technique also accounts for everyone
who will need the resources ahead of time, then
assigns them in a logical order throughout the project's
Reference
s
A. (2021, July 28). Critical Path Method: How to Use CPM for Project Management •. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
A. (2022, April 15). Choosing the Best Construction Project Scheduling Methods. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
A.C.E. Building Service, Inc. (n.d.). What Is Design-Build Construction? Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/what-is-design-build-construction Being an owner-builder. (2020, October 6). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/owner-builders/being-an-owner-builder
Carol, B. A. (2012, September 13). Being your own contractor in the Philippines. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
Comparing 5 Delivery Methods for Construction Projects. (2022, April 11). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/resources/comparing-5-project-delivery-methods/#design-build
Construction Schedule Methods. (2021, May 30). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
Dashore, A. (2020, April 9). Project Delivery Methods – Which one Should you Choose? Retrieved May 13, 2022, from
[Link] Difference Between PERT and CPM (with Comparison Chart). (2019, January 8). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from
[Link] GeeksforGeeks. (2020a, March 2). PERT Planning Process. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/pert-planning-process/
GeeksforGeeks. (2020b, December 30). Difference Between PERT and CPM. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
Hennigan, L. (2021, December 23). PERT Chart Vs. Gantt Chart: Which System Is Best For Project Management? Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/advisor/business/pert-chart-vs-gantt-chart/ Killough, D. (2022, April 13). Common Construction Project Delivery Methods: A Breakdown. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/blog/construction-project-delivery-methods/
Learn About Program Evaluation Review Technique — PERT Charts. (2022, March 17). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/terms/p/[Link] Line of balance (LOB). (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/wiki/Line_of_balance_(LOB)
McCue, R. R. (2022, April 5). The Benefits of CPM Scheduling. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
Mishra, G. (2017, November 7). Planning, Scheduling in Construction Management. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
construction- management/14/
Mishra, G. (2021, May 13). Uses of CPM and PERT in Construction Projects. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
Neenu, S. K. (2020, May 11). Gantt Chart in Construction Management – Features and Advantages [PDF]. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
construction- management-features-and-advantages/40017/#:%7E:text=Gantt%20chart%20provides%20a%20simple,and%20duration%20of%20the%20task
Otwell, B. (2021, July 22). Design-Build VS. Design-Bid-Build: What You Need to Know. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/blog/design-build-vs-design-bid- build/#:%7E:text=The%20two%20methods%20structure%20their,contract%20designers%20and%20builders
%20independently.
Owner Builder Courses NSW, QLD & WA | Owner Builder Permits. (2022, February 6). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://
[Link]/? fbclid=IwAR1IDB_tNKTjQ3DIoeMlzqIc9tKZChyn1Ee8qBCxNeQHlAT_EW-oZnEjerQ
Riggie, Y. (2018, November 21). A Homeowner’s Guide to Project Delivery Methods (explained). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
methods/ Sands, K. (2021, December 6). What Is the Design-Bid-Build Method in Construction? Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
construction/#:%7E:text=There%20are%20three%20parties%20in,goals%20are%20met%20without%20overspending
SPP 204A & B Construction Services. (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from [Link]
SPP 206 Comprehensive Architectural Services. (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from
[Link] SPP 207 - Design-Build Service. (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2022, from
