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Introduction to Phased Array Antennas

1. A phased array antenna uses an array of antennas that can steer beams electronically by adjusting the phase of signals sent to each antenna. 2. It operates on the principle of phase-dependent superposition, where signals that are in-phase combine constructively and signals that are out-of-phase cancel each other out. 3. Phased array antennas have advantages like electronic beam steering, ability to form multiple beams simultaneously, higher power and gain, less weight, and greater reliability compared to mechanically steered antennas.

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150 views8 pages

Introduction to Phased Array Antennas

1. A phased array antenna uses an array of antennas that can steer beams electronically by adjusting the phase of signals sent to each antenna. 2. It operates on the principle of phase-dependent superposition, where signals that are in-phase combine constructively and signals that are out-of-phase cancel each other out. 3. Phased array antennas have advantages like electronic beam steering, ability to form multiple beams simultaneously, higher power and gain, less weight, and greater reliability compared to mechanically steered antennas.

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New world
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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  • Introduction
  • Principle of Phased Arrays
  • Types
  • Working Mechanism
  • Advantage of Phased Array
  • Application

Phased array antenna

Presented BY:
Anmol Gupta
Nabin Poudel
Rajesh Kumar Mahato
INTRODUCTION

• An antenna is a metallic structure that


captures and/or transmits radio
electromagnetic waves.
• Phased array antennas are a type of antenna
array that comes with the feature of
electronic steering to change the direction
and shape of radiated signals, without any
physical movement of the antenna.
• The phase difference between the radiated
signals from each antenna in the array is
responsible for this electronic steering.
PRINCIPLE OF PHASED ARRAYS

• The fundamental principle of the phased array antenna is the phase-dependent superposition of two or more
radiated signals.

• When the signals are in-phase, they combine together to form a signal of additive amplitude.

• When the signals are counter phase, they cancel each other.

• Phased antenna arrays operate on this principle to achieve improved signal strength, gain, directivity, and
performance over individual antennas.
TYPES
1. Linear Array
The array elements are placed in a straight line with a single-phase shifter. Even though the
antenna arrangement is simple, the beam steering is limited to a single plane. The vertical arrangement
of several linear arrays forms the flat antenna.
2. Planer Array
For each antenna in a planar array, there is a phase shifter. The matrix arrangement of the
individual antennas form the planar arrangement. The beam can be deflected in two planes.
3. Frequency Array
If the beam steering control is a function of the frequency of the transmitter, then phased array
antennas utilizing such technology are called frequency scanning array antennas. No phase shifters are
present in frequency scanning array antennas, and the beam steering is controlled by the transmitter’s
frequency.
WORKING MECHANISM

• When signals emitted from each emitter in the phased array are perfectly in phase.
• they will interfere constructively and produce intense radiation, but this only happens along a
specific direction.
• The direction is controlled by setting the phase shift between the signals sent to different emitters.
• The phase shift is controlled by placing a slight time delay between signals sent to successive
emitters in the array.
• Outside of the main beam emission direction, the beam intensity decreases.
• There are also sidelobes in the beam pattern because signals are periodic, but there is a very
strong beam along a specific direction.
Advantage of phased array
The enhancement of various parameters and quantities upon arraying can be summarized
as follows.
• Power
The power of the collective signal is the summation of the individual signal
powers; therefore, the strength is increased.
• Beamforming
The shape of the beam can be controlled by the phase difference of the individual
signals and the radiation pattern of the phased array antenna is narrow compared
to single antennas.
Advantage of phased array
• Beam Steering
The elimination of mechanical repositioning makes the beam steering or beam positioning
flexible. The beam steering is established using electronically variable phase shifters.
• Multi-Beams
With the help of phase shifters, hundreds of beams can be synthesized in phased array antennas.
• Weight
the weight of phased array antennas is less than the mechanically-steered single antenna.
• Cost
A mechanically-steered antenna can be replaced by a less expensive phased array antenna,
keeping the resolution the same.
• Reliability
The reliability of phased array antennas is much greater than single antennas.
APPLICATION

Phased array antenna Presented BY: Anmol Gupta Nabin Poudel Rajesh Kumar Mahato
INTRODUCTION • An antenna is a metallic structure that captures and/or transmits radio electromagnetic waves. • Phased a
PRINCIPLE OF PHASED ARRAYS • The fundamental principle of the phased array antenna is the phase-dependent superposition of tw
TYPES 1. Linear Array The array elements are placed in a straight line with a single-phase shifter. Even though the antenna
WORKING MECHANISM • When signals emitted from each emitter in the phased array are perfectly in phase. • they will interfere
Advantage of phased array The enhancement of various parameters and quantities upon arraying can be summarized as follows. •
Advantage of phased array • Beam Steering The elimination of mechanical repositioning makes the beam steering or beam posit
APPLICATION

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