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Primary Sensing Element in Instruments

The document discusses the three main functional elements of an instrument: 1) The primary sensing element detects the quantity being measured and outputs a signal in another form. 2) The variable conversion element changes the output signal form to something more suitable for further processing. 3) The data presentation element conveys the measurement information, using devices like displays, recorders, or computers, to users for monitoring, control, or analysis.

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42 views9 pages

Primary Sensing Element in Instruments

The document discusses the three main functional elements of an instrument: 1) The primary sensing element detects the quantity being measured and outputs a signal in another form. 2) The variable conversion element changes the output signal form to something more suitable for further processing. 3) The data presentation element conveys the measurement information, using devices like displays, recorders, or computers, to users for monitoring, control, or analysis.

Uploaded by

nithishshazam
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

K.S.

RANGASAMY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY


(Autonomous)
Tiruchengode – 637 215, Namakkal (Dt.), Tamil Nadu.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Measurements and Instrumentation

Introduction

Presentation by
[Link]
Assistant Professor / EEE
E-Mail ID: dhanapalm@[Link]
FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF AN
INSTRUMENTS
FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF AN
INSTRUMENTS

Three main functional elements.


i) Primary sensing element
ii) Variable conversion element &
iii) Data presentation element.
PRIMARY SENSING ELEMENT

• The quantity under measurement makes its first contact with the primary sensing
element of a measurement system
• Measured- (the unknown quantity which is to be measured) is first detected by
primary sensor which gives the output in a different analogous form
• This output is then converted into an e electrical signal by a transducer - (which
converts energy from one form to another)
• The first stage of a measurement system is known as a detector transducer stage.
VARIABLE CONVERSION ELEMENT

• The output of the primary sensing element may be electrical signal of


any form , it may be voltage, a frequency or some other electrical
parameter
• For the instrument to perform the desired function, it may be necessary
to convert this output to some other suitable form.
VARIABLE MANIPULATION
ELEMENT
• The function of this element is to manipulate the signal presented to it preserving the
original nature of the signal
• It is not necessary that a variable manipulation element should follow the variable
conversion element
• Some non -linear processes like modulation, detection, sampling , filtering,
chopping etc., are performed on the signal to bring it to the desired form to be
accepted by the next stage of measurement system
• This process of conversion is called µ signal conditioning
VARIABLE MANIPULATION
ELEMENT
• The term signal conditioning includes many other functions in addition to Variable
conversion & Variable manipulation
• The element that follows the primary sensing element in any instrument or
measurement system is called conditioning element
• When the elements of an instrument are actually physically separated, it becomes
necessary to transmit data from one to another. The element that performs this
function i s called a data transmission element
DATA PRESENTATION ELEMENT

• The information about the quantity under measurement has to be conveyed to the personnel
handling the instrument or the system for monitoring, control, or analysis purposes.
• This function is done by data presentation element.
• In case data is to be monitored, visual display devices are needed These devices may be
analog or digital indicating instruments like ammeters, voltmeters etc.
• In case data is to be recorded, recorders like magnetic tapes, high speed camera & TV
equipment, CRT, printers may be used.
• For control & analysis purpose, microprocessor or computers may be used.
Thanking You

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