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Understanding Integration Concepts

1. Integration is the reverse process of differentiation and involves calculating the area under a curve. It has applications in computing profit, cost, revenue and consumer/producer surplus in business and economics. 2. There are two main types of integrals - definite integrals where the limits of integration are specified, and indefinite integrals where the limits are not given. 3. Several techniques can be used to evaluate integrals including recognizing patterns for polynomials, applying integral formulas for inverse functions, and using integration by parts or substitution for more complex functions.

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42 views15 pages

Understanding Integration Concepts

1. Integration is the reverse process of differentiation and involves calculating the area under a curve. It has applications in computing profit, cost, revenue and consumer/producer surplus in business and economics. 2. There are two main types of integrals - definite integrals where the limits of integration are specified, and indefinite integrals where the limits are not given. 3. Several techniques can be used to evaluate integrals including recognizing patterns for polynomials, applying integral formulas for inverse functions, and using integration by parts or substitution for more complex functions.

Uploaded by

Sultan Morsean
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INTERGRATION

Definition Application of integration in business


and economics
• Integration may be regarded as the reverse
process of differentiation, Or
 Area between curves
• It is simply defined as the ant-derivative
Note: the definite integral as the signed
area under the curve helps to:
Types of integrals
[Link]: in which we are told a and b and
• compute profit, cost and revenue
so we can calculate an explicit value for an
from related marginal functions
area.
• Find the consumer and producer
[Link] integrals: in which we aren't
surplus from the demand and
given the limits of integration, i.e. , so we
supply function
just calculate a generic, all-purpose solution
• (You shall learn more in economics)
Integrals Indefinite integral formula

• An integral of a given function • for any polynomial the integral is


is denoted as given by
Where • , except for n
• is called integral sign. Example
• indicates that the integration is • If the differential of is Then the
to be performed with respect to x integral of is
• C is called a constant of
integration =
Examples
Variations on Nomenclature
Note: Because constants don’t affect the integration, it is common to
bring them in front of the integration sign to make things clearer
For example:
1. Or
Roots follow the same rule

Inverse powers also follow the same rule

Note: when cannot be calculated by this formula because we get the


divide by zero error
Sums of terms

• a function can by integrated term-by-term, and we only need one


constant of integration

• Examples
Integration by substitution
Example
Integrate
Solution
• Let then
• but
Integration of exponential function
Rules

Example
Find
Solution
Integration by parts
Recall product rule of differentiation
Taking the integral on both sides

For and as a function of variable


The integration by parts formula is represented by equation
To choose and take in the sequence ILATE
Where I=Inverse function, L=Logarithmic function, A=Algebraic function,
T=Trigonometric function, and E=Exponential function.
Example
Find
Solution
Let u=x,
Integrating by parts
Alternatively
• Given
Differentiate Integrate

1 + (add)
0 - (Subtract)

Thus, =

Try this
Find
Definite Integrals
If we specify the limits we call the integral a definite integral

Note: Evaluating any integral between two specified limits gives the area
under the curve.

Example
What is the area under the curve between and ?
Solution
Area =
Note: The k’s cancel, so we can ignore them when evaluating definite
integrals
Try this
What is the area under the curve between
and (answer, area = square units)
Example
What is the area under the curve from to
Solution

square units
Exercise

1. Find the area of the curve enclosed by and

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