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Carrier Current Protection Overview

This document discusses carrier current protection for power lines. It describes how coupling capacitors allow high frequency carrier signals to pass while blocking lower power frequencies. Wave traps ensure carrier signals from other lines do not interfere. Transmitters generate carrier signals that are amplified and modulated with power signals before transmission. Receivers contain filters to accept desired signals. Carrier signals are compared at both ends, and their absence can indicate an internal fault requiring tripping of circuit breakers.

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Dr. Srinivas M
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32 views16 pages

Carrier Current Protection Overview

This document discusses carrier current protection for power lines. It describes how coupling capacitors allow high frequency carrier signals to pass while blocking lower power frequencies. Wave traps ensure carrier signals from other lines do not interfere. Transmitters generate carrier signals that are amplified and modulated with power signals before transmission. Receivers contain filters to accept desired signals. Carrier signals are compared at both ends, and their absence can indicate an internal fault requiring tripping of circuit breakers.

Uploaded by

Dr. Srinivas M
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 3

Carrier current Protection


The Coupling capacitor These coupling capacitors (CU)
which offer low reactance to the higher frequency carrier
signal and high reactance to the power frequency signal.
Therefore, it filters out the low ( power) frequency and
allows the high frequency carrier waves to the carrier
current equipments. A low inductance is connected to
the CU, to form a resonant circuit
Wave Traps The Wave traps ( also known as Line
Trap) are inserted between the busbar and the
connection of the CU. These traps are L and C
elements connected in parallel, and they are tuned in
such a manner that they offer low reactance to the
power frequency signals and high reactance to the
carrier waves. They ensure that neither of these
different frequency signals get mixed up before being
received at the bus bar. Both the CU and the Wave
traps are protected from switching and lightening
surges, with the help suitably designed Spark Gaps or
Varistors.
Frequency spacing
Different frequencies are used in adjacent lines and the
wave traps ensure that carrier signals of other lines do
not enter a particular line section. Therefore, proper
choice of frequency bands for different lines are adopted.
Transmitter Unit
In a Transmitter unit, the carrier frequency in
the range of 50 to 500 KHz of constant
magnitude is generated in the oscillator, which
is fed to an amplifier. Amplification is required
to overcome any loss in the coupling
equipments, weather conditions, Tee
connections in the lines of different size and
length. The amplifier and the oscillators are
constantly energized and a connection is made
between the two with the help of a control
unit.
Receiver Unit
The Receiver unit consists of an attenuator and a Band pass
filter, which restricts the acceptance of any unwanted signals.
The unit also has matching transformer to match the line
impedance and that of the receiver unit.
MODULATOR
The Modulator modulates, the 50 Hz power signals with high
frequency carrier waves and the modulated signal is fed to an
amplifier. The amplifier output is transmitted via a CU. It takes
half a cycle of power signal to produce requisite Blocks of carrier
as shown above.
The principle of Phase Comparison is one of the
methods that involve decision of tripping. As shown
above, the presence of blocks of carrier signals abort
any tripping and its absence initiates the tripping.
Therefore, in a section of transmission line, where
CTs at both end buses are connected 180 degree out
of phase, an absence of carrier signal can only be
possible if an internal fault has occurred. However, it
can be seen that such absencve of carrier blocks is
not possible for an external fault
1. Fast, simultaneous operating of circuit-breakers at both
ends.
2. Auto-reclosing simultaneous reclosing signal is sent
thereby simultaneous (1 to 3 cycles) reclosing of circuit
breaker is obtained.
3. Fast clearing prevents shocks to systems.
4. Tripping due to synchronizing power surges does not
occur, yet during internal fault clearing is obtained.
5. For simultaneous faults, carrier current protection
provides easy discrimination.
6. Fast (2 cycle) and auto-reclosing circuit breakers such as
air blast circuit breaker require faster relaying. Hence, the
carrier current relaying is best suited for fast relaying in
conjunction with modern fast circuit breaker.

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