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Group 7

The document discusses the properties of Group 7 (halogen) elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). Key points: 1) The halogens are reactive nonmetals that exist as diatomic molecules. 2) Their melting and boiling points increase down the group as the molecules get bigger. 3) They react with metals to form ionic halide salts, and with nonmetals to form covalent molecular compounds. 4) Their reactivity decreases down the group (F > Cl > Br > I).

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8 views12 pages

Group 7

The document discusses the properties of Group 7 (halogen) elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine). Key points: 1) The halogens are reactive nonmetals that exist as diatomic molecules. 2) Their melting and boiling points increase down the group as the molecules get bigger. 3) They react with metals to form ionic halide salts, and with nonmetals to form covalent molecular compounds. 4) Their reactivity decreases down the group (F > Cl > Br > I).

Uploaded by

thibaulescroart
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Group 7

Proton Electron Melting Boiling


Element Symbol State at RTP Colour
Number configuration point oC point oC

Fluorine

Chlorine

Bromine

Iodine
• Are also called the HALOGENS
• Are all non-metallic elements
• Exist as diatomic molecules ( two atoms
covalently bond to form a molecule)
e.g. chlorine Cl2, bromine Br2 etc.
• Have 7 electrons in the outer electron
energy sub-level
• Are therefore 1 electron short of achieving
a full outer level
• Their melting and boiling points
INCREASE down the group
• They change from GASES at the top to
SOLIDS down the bottom
• This is because the molecules get bigger
• So the attractive forces between the
molecules get stronger
• They vaporise easily and their vapours are
coloured
fluorine is a yellow gas
chlorine is a green gas
bromine
dark red liquid → red-brown gas
iodine
dark grey solid → purple gas
Reactions of Group 7
• They are all reactive elements
• They react with metals and non-
metals
• They form compounds with metallic
elements which contain IONS
• The halogen atom gains ONE
electron to become a HALIDE ion
e.g. sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride

The chlorine atom (Cl - 2,8,7) gains 1e- to form


the chloride ion (Cl- - 2,8,8)
• They form compounds with non-
metallic elements which contain
simple molecules
• The atoms share pairs of electrons
(called covalent bonds)
e.g. phosphorus + chlorine → phosphorus
trichloride
• The reactivity DECREASES down the group
• Consider the reaction with hydrogen:
hydrogen
fluorine mixture EXPLODES even in the dark
chlorine mixture EXPLODES when heated or
exposed to sunlight
bromine mild explosion when bromine vapour
mixed with hydrogen is exposed
to a flame
iodine reversible reaction when iodine vapour
and hydrogen mixture is heated
Reaction with hydrogen
• Products are the HYDROGEN HALIDES
• Have the formula HX (where X=halogen)
e.g. hydrogen + chlorine → hydrogen chloride

• Products are colourless gases at RTP


• They dissolve readily in water to form
acidic solutions
e.g. hydrogen chloride → hydrochloric acid
HCl (g) + H2O → HCl (aq)
Reaction with iron
• The iron burns in chlorine
• Product is IRON(III) CHLORIDE
• Product is red-brown solid at RTP
Fe (g) + Cl2 (g) → FeCl3 (s)
Displacement Reactions

• The reactivity DECREASES down the group


• Therefore a more reactive halogen will
displace a less reactive halogen from one of its
salts
• These reactions are evidence of the trend in
reactivity
i.e. F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2
Displacement Reactions
e.g. chlorine will react with sodium
bromide solution to form bromine and
sodium chloride
NaBr (aq) + Cl2 (g) → Br2 (aq) + NaCl (aq)

The solution will change colour from colourless


to orange (the colour of bromine in solution)

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