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Understanding Series AC Circuits

This document provides an introduction to simple AC circuits consisting only of resistors. It states that in such circuits, the instantaneous voltage across each resistor is equal to the supply voltage as they are all in phase. Likewise, all branch currents in a parallel AC circuit are also in phase. It further explains that the voltage and current in a resistive AC circuit are in phase through a vector diagram. Finally, it defines power factor as the ratio of real power to apparent power, or the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current.

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7 views11 pages

Understanding Series AC Circuits

This document provides an introduction to simple AC circuits consisting only of resistors. It states that in such circuits, the instantaneous voltage across each resistor is equal to the supply voltage as they are all in phase. Likewise, all branch currents in a parallel AC circuit are also in phase. It further explains that the voltage and current in a resistive AC circuit are in phase through a vector diagram. Finally, it defines power factor as the ratio of real power to apparent power, or the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current.

Uploaded by

jayswalrohit502
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction Simple AC CIRUITS

Prof. Sheetal Sandeep Parmar, Assistant Professor


Electrical Engineering
SERIES AC CIRCUITS :
AC CIRCUIT CONSISTING ONLY RESISTOR :
The instantaneous voltage across the
resistor, VR is equal to the supply
voltage, Vt and is given as:
AC CIRCUIT CONSISTING ONLY RESISTOR :
The instantaneous current flowing in the resistor will therefore be:

As the voltage across a resistor is given as VR = I.R, the instantaneous


voltage across the resistor above can also be given as:
AC CIRCUIT CONSISTING ONLY RESISTOR :
: In purely resistive series AC circuits, all the voltage drops across the
resistors can be added together to find the total circuit voltage as all the
voltages are in-phase with each other.

Likewise, in a purely resistive parallel AC circuit, all the individual branch


currents can be added together to find the total circuit current because all
the branch currents are in-phase with each other.
VECTOR DIAGRAM :
We can see that at any point along the
horizontal axis that the instantaneous
voltage and current are in-phase
because the current and the voltage
reach their maximum values at the
same time, that is their phase angle θ
is 0degree.

Since for resistors in AC circuits the phase angle φ between the voltage and the
current is zero, then the power factor of the circuit is given as cos Φ= 1.0.
:
Then the power (P), consumed by the circuit is given as P = Vrms Ι cos Φ in watts.

But since cos(Φ) = 1 in a purely resistive circuit, the power consumed is simply given
as, P = Vrms Ι the same as for Ohm’s Law.
Power waveforms of pure resistive circuit:
Definition of Power Factor:

• The power factor is defined as the amount of wattful power in a


system to that of total apparent power flowing in the system. It can
also be defined as the phase angle between voltage and current
phasors.

• Power Factor = kW/ kVA = Cos(Theta)


Power Factor Beer Analogy :
[Link]

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