BASIC DRAFTING TOOL,
EQUIPMENTS, AND MATERIALS
KNOWING THEIR FUNCTIONS, USAGE, AND
MAINTENANCE
Our Learning Target:
1. Drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments are identified
2. Use the proper tools and materials applicable to a specific job
3. Function of each tool is understood
INTRODUCTION
MORE CONVENIENT TO DO THE JOB
IMPORTANT FOR THE STUDENTS TO FAMILIARIZE THEMSELVES
WITH THE DIFFERENT TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS.
THE CORRECT USAGE OF THESE TOOLS IS NECESSARY FOR
EFFICIENT AND CONCISE DRAFTING
DRAWING
PAPER
Various types of drawing papers are available for
use but hard and soft surface drawing papers are
highly recommended to be the best. This type
does not groove easily when pressure is applied to
the pencil.
Oslo paper
bond paper
Vellum paper
Tracing paper
DRAFTING TABLE
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It is a multipurpose desk used by
architects, engineers and artists. It
is a stable platform for drawing
and reading blueprints. Most
tables are height adjustable so you
can stand or sit while working.
DRAFTING TAPE Click icon to add picture
MASKING TAPE
This is used for fastening the drawing
paper on the drawing table or drawing
board because it does not damage the
board and it will not damage the paper
if it is removed by pulling it off.
DRAWING PENCIL
The pencil is especially useful in
making initial sketches or
drawings.
DRAWING PENCIL
Hard pencils – are used where extreme
accuracy is required especially working on
graphs, diagrams and charts.
Medium pencils – are used for general
purpose work in drawing.
Soft pencils – are too soft to be used in
mechanical drafting. They are very useful for
art work of various kinds.
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PENCIL SHARPENER
Pencils should be sharpened
whenever they show sign of
dullness. Various types and
designs are available in the store
for use.
SANDPAPER PAD
This is used to shape the pencil
points into either conical,
chisel, or elliptical point.
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ERASER
This is used to clean the dirt off the
drawing. A soft eraser is advantageous
in removing smudges and pencil marks,
whereas, a harder eraser is useful for
making changes and correcting errors in
the drawing.
ERASING SHIELD
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This tool is made up of metal
with irregular holes. It is a useful
tool to protect the rest of the
drawing when clearing up
smudges, unnecessary pencil
lines and other erasures.
DUSTING BRUSH
This is used to clean off the eraser
crumbs.
Never blow nor wipe off the eraser
crumbs using hands, they may
create smudges on the drawing.
TECHNICAL PEN
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This drawing tool is used in
finalizing pencil works into inked
drawings.
RULER
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It is a common tool which can be
used for drawing or measuring
straight lines up to 12 inches.
T-SQUARE
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It It is a drawing instrument used when making horizontal lines.
Also used for guiding triangles when drawing vertical lines. It
is made of wood, plastic or the combination of both. There are
three (3) types of T square, namely:
1. Fixed Head. The head is fastened to the blade. It is
used for ordinary work.
2. Movable Head or Adjustable Head. It has one fixed
and one adjustable head and used only for occasional drawing.
3. Detachable Head or Removable Head. It is designed
for comfort when carrying the T-square.
TRIANGLE
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It is a three-sided ruler, which typically
has two equal sides meeting at a 90
degree angle and to a third side at 45,
30, including 60 degree angles. It is
usually made of plastic and comes in
different sizes. If in use, the base of the
triangle must rest on the blade of the
Tsquare.
COMPASS
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This drawing instrument is used when
drawing arcs and circles. It is used in a
similar way to a divider. It is composed
of one with the pen leg and the needle
point leg being held together with a
handle. This drawing instrument can be
used for both penciling and inking.
TEMPLATE
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This instrument is usually made of
plastic with shaped holes of varying
sizes. It is used for easy mechanical
drawing of shapes.
FRENCH CURVE
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This drawing instrument can be
used for drawing irregular
curve shapes which is difficult
to make using a compass.
DIVIDER
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This is a drawing instrument used when
transferring measurements, dividing
lines and arcs into the desired number
of equal parts. It can easily transfer
accurate measurements by adjusting the
divider points.
27.5 cm
Divide into 5 equal parts 5.5 cm
TRIANGULAR SCALES
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This is a tool generally used when
reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or
reduced form to some regular proportion.
The architect’s scale is the most commonly
used for general drawing. Its main function
is to reproduce the measurements of an
object in full size, reduced size, and
enlarged size.
PROTRACTOR
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It is a semi-circular instrument
divided into 180 equal parts, each
of which is called a degree. It is
used to determine gradations of the
degrees when measuring arcs,
angles and circles. High quality
protractor is usually made of
plastic.
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
The proper use and care of drafting tools and materials is necessary in order to
serve their purpose and lengthen their lifespan and usefulness. So be reminded
of the following:
Avoid dropping your
tools and equipment
especially compass,
divider, and technical
pens.
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
Pencil
a. Never sharpen the pencil
over the drawing or close to
any of your equipment.
b. Always keep the lead
sharp
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
Never use the edge of
triangles and t-square
to cut paper along its
working edges. A
slight nick at the edge
will ruin the t-square.
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
Never use the t-square
as a substitute for
hammer.
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
Drawing tables/ boards
are intended for drawing
purposes only, never use
them for any other
functions such as
carpentry works, dining,
or elevating platform.
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
Sharpen and store your
pencils properly after
use.
Provide a separate
container for drawing
pencils, compass, divider,
and technical pens.
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
Keep your drawing
sheets in a plastic
tube to protect them
from a dust and
dirt.
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
Wipe off the surface
and edges of your t-
square and triangles
before and after
using them.
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
Wash the technical
pen nib thoroughly
in a running water
if to be stored for a
long period of time
to avoid clogging of
ink.
PROPER CARE OF DRAFTING TOOLS
AND OTHER MATERIALS
Provide a place to
hang individually
your t-square,
triangles,
protractor, and
French curves after
using them.
GOOD WORKING HABITS WITH TOOLS:
Do not roll or drag your instruments over the drawing
paper, lift them.
Never sharpen the pencil over the drawing.
Always start with very light construction lines and apply
the appropriate line weights when you are definite about
the figures.
Minimize the use of an eraser.
Use the dusting brush to remove eraser crumbs and other
particles from the drawing surface.