SKELETAL SYSTEM
by CHRISTOPER ALEX R. ABELLA
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM:
1. Movement: Skeletal system
provides points of attachment
for muscles. Your legs and
arms move when the muscles
pull on the bones.
2. Support: The backbone is the
main support center for the
upper body. It holds your head
up and protects your spinal
cord.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM:
3. Protection: The bones
of your skull protect
your brain. Your ribs
protect your lungs and
heart from injury.
4. Makes Blood: Red and
white blood cells are
formed by tissue called
marrow, which is in the
center of the bone.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM:
5. Storage: Bones
store minerals, such
as calcium and
phosphorus, for use
by the body
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Major Skeletal System Parts
• Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes
the skull, spine, ribs and sternum.
• Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular
skeleton includes the appendages of the
body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips,
and legs.
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Four basic bone
shapes:
1. Long- arms, legs
and fingers
2. Short- wrist and
ankles
3. Flat- skull and
sternum
4. Irregular- spine
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE STRUCTURE OF BONE
Typical Four Layers:
• Periosteum: Covers Bones
• Compact Bone: Lies
beneath the periosteum
• Spongy Bone: Lies
beneath the compact bone
• Bone Marrow: Fills the
gaps between the spongy
bone
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE STRUCTURE OF BONE
Bones are complex living structures
that undergo growth and
development.
A thin tough outer membrane covers
the bone.
Beneath the outer membrane is a
layer of compact bone (hard and
dense, but not solid – it is filled with
holes and has small canals for
blood vessels and nerves).
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE STRUCTURE OF BONE
Inside the compact bone is a layer
of spongy bone.
It has many small spaces, is light
weight, but strong.
Spongy bone is also found at the
ends of bones.
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE STRUCTURE OF BONE
In the spaces of many bones there is a soft
connective tissue called marrow.
Two types of Marrow:
• Red
• Yellow
Red Marrow produces most of the body’s blood
cells.
Yellow Marrow stores fat that can serve as an
energy reserve.
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•The structure of bones make it both
strong and light weight.
•20 % of an adult's body weight is
bone.
•Bone is made up of 2 minerals:
Calcium
Phosphorus
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• As an infant, most of your skeleton is
cartilage.
• Cartilage is a strong flexible tissue.
• Over time the cartilage is replaced by
solid bone, usually complete by the
time you stop growing.
• Not all cartilage is replaced in adults.
Many joints contain cartilage,
protecting the ends of bones (ears
and the end of the nose is also How Do Bones
cartilage). Develop?
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Clavicle or Collarbone
The clavicle, or collar
bone, holds the shoulder
joint away from the rest of
the upper body and is
only as thick as your little
finger.
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Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord
1) The cervical region
(neck bones)
2) The thorasic region
(what the ribs attach to)
3) The lumbar region
(the lower part of the
back)
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Coccyx and Sacrum
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Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
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Radius and Ulna
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Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
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Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
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Phalanges (Little Fingers)
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Rib Cage
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Sternum (Breastbone)
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PELVIS
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Femur
(Largest Bone in the Body)
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THE TIBIA AND FIBULA
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TARSALS
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METARSALS
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PHALANGES
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• A joint is a place
where two bones
come together.
• Joints allow the
bones to move in
different ways.
• Two types of joints:
Immovable
Movable
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What are
Immovable Joints?
• A joint that
allows little or
no movement
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What are Movable Joints?
• Most of the joint are movable joints.
• Allow the body to move in a wide range of
movements.
• Bones in movable joints are held together
by strong connective tissue called
ligaments.
• Four types of movable joints:
• Hinge
• Ball-and-socket
• Pivot
• Gliding
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►Round end of bone fitting
What is a snuggly within another bone.
Ball-and-
Socket Joint? Ex. Shoulder and Hip
►Allows the greatest range of
motion.
The ball-and-socket joint
allows you to swing your arm
freely in a circle.
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What is a • Movement in one direction like
Hinge Joint? a door.
• Ex. Knee and Elbow
• Allows forward or backward
motion.
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What is a Pivot Joint? Bone resting atop
another bone
permitting free
movement.
Ex. Neck, Wrist
and Ankles
Allows one bone
to rotate around
another.
Allows you to
turn your head
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What is a ►Allows one bone to slide
Gliding Joint? over another.
Ex. Knuckles, wrist, ankle
►Allows you to bend and
flex as well as make limited
side to side motions.
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What is a
Ligament? Connects bone to
bone.
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What is a Tendon?
Attaches
muscles to
bones.
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