Marketing Mix: Place
Distribution
Distribution in marketing is an element of the “place” category in the
four P's of marketing.
Distribution is the process of making a product available for the
consumer or business user who needs it.
Direct Distribution: Companies sell products and services directly to
customers through their own stores, websites or merchant
marketplaces.
Indirect Distribution: Companies sell products and services to
customers through marketing channel.
Distribution
marketing channel or channel of distribution is a set of
interdependent organizations that eases the transfer of ownership as
products move from producer to business user or consumer.
A distributor works with the manufacturer to promote and sell its
products to other supply chain entities, either wholesalers or
retailers.
Wholesalers: buy and sell goods in bulk. Wholesalers can be a link in
the marketing distribution chain, selling their products to retail
stores.
Retailer: a channel intermediary that sells directly to consumers.
Distribution Channel for Consumer
Products
In the zero-level channel, the manufacturer sells directly to the
consumer.
In the one-level channel, the manufacturer sells the product to
retailer who in turn sells it to consumer.
In the two-level channel, the manufacturer sells its product in bulk
to a wholesaler, who sells the products to retailers where consumers
can purchase them.
In the three-level channel, the manufacturer works with a distributor
who distributes the products within a specified geographic area and
connects with wholesalers or retailers.
Distribution Channel for Business
and Industrial Products
Distribution Strategies
Intensive distribution: involves selling products through a large
number of different channels. Product is made available in
abundance. (convenience product)
Selective Distribution: Limited number of intermediaries are chosen
to distribute the product. (Shopping Products)
Exclusive Distribution: The distribution of product is through a
single intermediary in a specific geographic area. (Specialty Products)