UNIT 01
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
CONTEMPORARY DIGITAL DEVICES
• Embedded system-An embedded system is designed to
perform a small number of specific functions
• Peripheral devices
• Mobile phones
• Storages devices
• Computers
[Link]
ACTIVITY - GROUP
• Work in small groups to identify digital
devices that you are familiar with and
list the features and functions of each.
• Under which contemporary category
does it fall?
RECAP
CONTEMPRO
RY DEVICES
1 . WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS ?
2 .WHERE DO THESE ITEMS BELONG?
• Smart home devices such as TVs, light bulbs, locks,
climate control.
• Autonomous devices such as robot vacuum
cleaners, self-driving vehicles, auto-pilots.
• Medical / fitness devices such as treadmills, heart
and respiration monitors, step counters.
• FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS
• PORTABILITY
1. DEPENDS ON SIZE,WEIGHT AND SHAPE
2. GRADE PORTABILITY OF PHONE, TABLET AND
COMPUTER
• PERFORMANCE
[Link] OF THE PROCESSOR.
[Link] FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE?
STORAGE
1. STORAGE MEANS HOW MUCH SPACE THERE IS TO
HOLD THINGS ON YOUR DEVICE LIKE DOWNLOADS AND
APPLICATIONS.
Activity on next page
• USER INTERFACE
[Link] ARE THE DIFFERENT USER INTERFACE YOU
KNOW AND WHERE ARE THEY USED?
*NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACE
*FORM-BASED INTERFACE
• CONNECTIVITY
• MEDIA SUPPORT
• ENERGY CONSUMPTION
• EXPANSION CAPABILITY
• SECURITY FEATURES.
• CONNECTIVITY
[Link] AND WIRELESS
RECAP…..COMPARE WIRE VS WIRELESS
•
• media support – think of an example of
a media support you have seen/heard
• energy consumption
• expansion capability –Name an
expandable feature of a laptop?
• security features. –Explain
(biometric)
BEWARE! - MANY DEVICES ARE MULTI-
FUNCTION AND FIT INTO MULTIPLE CATEGORIES
CALLED TECHNICAL CONVERGENCE.
ADVANTAGE OF TECHNICAL
CONVERGENCE –
• The user does not have to carry more than one
device
• Conveniently view in one place
• Combined technologies share
resources/battery/processor/ ( so is more
EXPLAIN THE FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS AND
THE CONTEMPORARY DEVICES INCLUDES IN
THESE EMBEDDED SYSTEM
1. WI-FI ROUTERS AND ACCESS POINTS,
2. VENDING MACHINES,
3. ELECTRONIC TOYS,
4. VEHICLE SYSTEMS SUCH AS CRUISE CONTROL,
5. FUEL INJECTION,
6. ANTI-LOCK BRAKING.
ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS)
An is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land
vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. ABS operates
by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby
maintaining tractive contact with the road surface and allowing the
driver to maintain more control over the vehicle
Features of Anti-lock Braking System (ABS):
[Link] Speed Sensors: ABS uses sensors to monitor the rotational speed of
each wheel. These sensors provide real-time data to the system.
[Link] Control Unit (ECU): ABS relies on an electronic control unit
that processes data from wheel speed sensors and makes rapid decisions.
[Link] Valves: ABS has hydraulic valves that regulate brake fluid
pressure to individual wheels. These valves are controlled by the ECU.
[Link] Indicator: Most vehicles equipped with ABS have a dashboard
indicator light that alerts the driver when the system is active or when there's
an issue.
Functions of Anti-lock Braking System (ABS):
• Prevents Wheel Lock-up: The primary function of ABS is to prevent the wheels from locking up during hard
braking or when there's a loss of traction. This helps maintain steering control.
• Rapid Brake Pressure Adjustment: ABS can make rapid and continuous adjustments to the brake fluid pressure
applied to each wheel. It modulates the pressure to avoid skidding.
• Individual Wheel Control: ABS can independently control the brake pressure to each wheel. This means that if
one wheel is about to lock up, ABS can release the brake pressure for that wheel while maintaining pressure
for the others.
• Maintains Steering Control: By preventing wheel lock-up, ABS ensures that the driver can maintain steering
control even during emergency braking or slippery road conditions.
• Reduces Stopping Distances: ABS can help reduce stopping distances by allowing the driver to apply
maximum braking force without fear of skidding. This is especially valuable in emergency situations.
• Enhances Traction: In slippery conditions, ABS can enhance traction by preventing wheel spin. This is
particularly beneficial when starting from a standstill or accelerating.
• Minimizes Wear and Tear: ABS helps prevent excessive wear and tear on tires and brakes because it prevents
skidding, which can lead to flat spots on tires and overheating of brake pads.
• Diagnostic and Warning: ABS systems can perform self-diagnosis and provide warning indicators if there's a
fault in the system. This helps in maintenance and troubleshooting.
SMART TV –
[Link] A FEW FEATURES YOU WILL LOOK FOR IN A
SMART TV?
[Link] HOW HAVING SMART TV WILL HELP A
VISUALLY IMPARED PERSON
[Link] REAONS TO HAVE ACCESSIBILITY FEATURE
IN A SMART TV
HW –
[Link] is hand writing Recognition.
[Link] are they used
[Link] is the advantage and
disadvantage of this security method
Q3(3) – 2023- MAY
COMPUTERS- - DONE AS HW
PERIPHERALS-
keyboards, mouses, joysticks, microphones, scanners, monitors,
speakers, printers, video cameras, webcams, touch screens,
graphics tablets, biometric scanners, barcode readers, chip and
pin devices, sensors
SCANNERS
• What are the scanners you know?
• Basically to make hardcopies in to softcopies
• They are used to scan old documents for keeping
records; for example, birth, death and wedding
certificates.
1. Advantages and disadvantages
2. Functions of scanners
[Link]
PRINTER
Compare the different printers you have
learned
1.
2.
3.
4.
[Link]
CHIP AND PIN DEVICE
• smart card reader, but tend to be used only at EFTPOS
terminals.
• Used to read cards with a chip
• Come with a keypad for entering the PIN and a small
display to show instructions and indicate progress of the
transaction.
• Some chip and PIN readers have a separate magnetic
strip reader slot. either down one side or across the top or
bottom of the reader.
TYPES OF CARDS AND THEIR PROS AND
CONS
Advantages:
• They allow secure transactions to take place, as
without the PIN the transaction cannot proceed.
• They save time in the transaction compared with
using cash or cheque.
• Chips are more robust than magnetic strips.
Disadvantages:
• If the customer forgets their PIN, tlle transaction has
to be cancelled.
• The card holder needs to be very careful to protect
their PIN when using their card.
HOMEWORK in your notebook
storage devices
• magnetic storage,
• solid state
• optical hard drives
• magnetic tape drives
• removable solid state (SSID) cards
• network-attached storage (NAS), RAID storage)
PROJECT:
SUBMITION DATE – 15/9/2022 - 5/25 FOR FA1
DO A RESEARCH AND PREPEARE A REPORT
• TITLE : ADVANCE STORAGE APPROCHES
• SUBTOPIC – NAS,RAID,SSID
• Cover page– Should include the title, your name, class enrollment number, submitted
date
• Include images where ever necessary
• Include a footer with your name in the left and page# in the right
• Marks will be given for proper formatting
• Can use any word processing software
• Keep the number of pages 3-6(Excluding the cover page)
• Use the links given and any additional information from your own research
• Submit a hardcopy
RAID- REDUNDENT ARRAY OF
INDEPENDENT DISKS
[Link] of RAID storage
[Link] is RAID 0,its benefits and drawbacks
[Link] what happens in a RAID 1 storage its
benefit and drawbacks
4. Explain what happens in a RAID 5 storage its
benefit and drawbacks
[Link] happens with the RAID 10 storage setup?.
Explain in details . Draw the diagrams
NAS – NETWORK ATTACHED STORAGE
MAKE YOUR OWN
NOTES
DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES USED BY
DIGITAL DEVICES – GROUP ACTIVITY
• Global Positioning System (GPS) –
• Do we need a SIM to be using?
• Do we need internet to be using GPS
• biometrics – scanner or sensor?
• touchscreen – what are the type of touch screen
• sensor – Name a few sensors in a mobile phone
• memory
• storage
• battery power
[Link] a few apps which drains the
battery life.
[Link] is battery life important?
[Link] is more efficient? 5,340 mAh
or 3000 mAH
• miniaturisation
• processors
• radio-frequency identification (RFID)
• near-field communication (NFC)
• quick response (QR) code
• connectivity