• Module 2

• TYPHOON
• In this module you will learned how the typhoon affects the environment as
well as the people living on that place. We all know that typhoon is consider as
one of the natural calamity usually experienced by most of us here in the
Philippines. As you finish reading this module you will be more aware on the
things that you need to do before, during and after the typhoon.
• Objectives:
• Upon completing this module students are expected to :
• a. describe and explain how typhoon formed
• b. give the differences between typhoon and hurricane
• c. enumerate the different ways on how and what to prepare
• before, during and after the typhoon.
Typhoon
Typhoon
• A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180°
and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere, referred as the Northwestern
Pacific Basin, it’s the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth. For
organizational purposes, the northern Pacific Ocean is divided into
three regions:
▪ eastern (North America to 140°W)
▪ central (140° to 180°W)
▪ western (180° to 100°E)
Typhoon
• The Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) for tropical
cyclone forecasts is in Japan, with other tropical cyclone warning
centers for the northwest Pacific in Hawaii, the Philippines and Hong
Kong. While the RSMC names each system, the main name list itself
is coordinated among 18 countries that have territories threatened by
typhoons each year.
Where does this kind of event occur?
• There are three main ingredients of a typhoon. They are:
1. Warm water
2. Moisture
3. Inward spiraling winds
• Typhoons most frequently occur on the western Pacific Ocean off the
east coast of Asia near Japan. However, hurricanes are the same storm
as typhoons, with just a different name.
What causes the Natural Phenomenon?
• A typhoon starts off as a convergence of air pressure and moisture
produced during water vaporization. Later it meets with global
westerly winds at a low pressure area in the equatorial region of the
ocean. Based on this location, such convergences often occur in the
Pacific Ocean.
• The size of this particular ocean is said to be several times bigger than
the Earth’s total land area. Thus, the immensity of heat transferred by
the sun and the moisture produced during water vaporization are the
causes of a typhoon formation in the Pacific and near the equator.
What causes the Natural Phenomenon?
• If excessive amounts of moisture and large scale air pressure meet up
with strong spinning winds, the low pressure convergence becomes a
tropical cyclone.
• Instead of simply travelling vertically upwards, a clockwise spinning
wind will influence the low pressure system to travel to the west of the
International Dateline towards the Northwest Pacific Ocean Region. If
this tropical cyclone reaches a sustained surface wind of 74 mph (or
64 knots, 119 kph) or more, then the tropical cyclone becomes a
typhoon.
How much warning is there?
Can it cause damage to people and
environment? If so, what sort of damages can
it cause?
• The full impact of this massive storm is yet to be realized and could
have significant environmental impact affecting the human condition
for years to come. While the storm leaves in its wake thousands of
uprooted trees and untold environmental damage, the carbon dioxide
(CO2) the storm released by uprooting trees and topsoil, where CO 2 is
stored, is massive.
Can it cause damage to people and
environment? If so, what sort of damages can
it cause?
• A study from 2007 found that the 320 million trees uprooted by
Hurricane Katrina along the northern Gulf coast, released back into the
atmosphere half of the CO2 annually absorbed by trees in the US. CO2
release is expected to be even higher in the Philippines, as the string of
islands has denser average forest coverage than the region hit by
Katrina.
Can it cause damage to people and
environment? If so, what sort of damages can
it cause?
• Many scientists believe that such storms act as part of a positive
feedback cycle, in that climate change is causing more significant
natural disasters, which in turn release more CO2 further contributing to
increased climate change.
• According to the World Bank, in 2008 CO2 emissions per capita for the
Philippines was nearly one metric ton per year leading to an
approximate total of 85,000 kilotonnes (kt). Yet Typhoon Haiyan is
expected to have released more than 105,000 kt of carbon, the amount
released by Katrina.
Can it cause damage to people and
environment? If so, what sort of damages can
it cause?
• It is clear that typhoons and hurricanes are natural parts of Earth’s
continuing climate change. The Philippine Islands are located in a
region where climate change can significantly alter weather and sea
levels and thus the impact of such climatic events are experienced with
greater severity than most parts of the world.
How are different people affected when a
natural event strikes your community? Who
would be most affected?
• Students
• Farmers
• Labors
• Office Employees
Does a reported phenomena affect people all
the time?
• Yes, all typhoons affect people all the time in different ways. Each
typhoon creates damages in the community and in our everyday life.
How strong are the most damaging events,
list five examples:
1. Tropical Storm Thelma
Unleashed flash floods on the central city of Ormoc on Leyte
island on November 15, 1991. Killing more than 5,100 people.
2. Typhoon Bopha
Smashed into the main southern island of Mindanao on
December 3, 2012. Rarely hit by major storms, the unprepared
region suffered about 1,900 people dead or missing.
How strong are the most damaging events,
list five examples:
3. Typhoon Ike
Hit the central Philippines on August 31, 1984. Killing 1,363
people.
4. Typhoon Washi
Hit the northern part of Mindanao island on December 16, 2011.
Killing at least 1,080 people.
5. Typhoon Haiyan
It is the deadliest Philippine typhoon on record, killing at least
6,300 people in that country alone.
How big should be a natural phenomenon be for
it to be considered a hazard? Does size even
matter?
• It doesn’t have to be big to be considered as a hazard. Every typhoon
in our country is a hazard since typhoons that occur in the Philippines
were generally strong since we are near to Pacific Ocean.
Why do people live in areas affected by a
natural hazard?
• People live in areas such as coastal areas and landslide prone areas,
which is affected by natural hazard by typhoon, simply because it is
near to their livelihood. For example, People live in coastal areas
because fishing is their livelihood.
How could people prevent disasters when
natural hazard strikes?
THANK
Thank

YOU
you