CHAPTER 14
International health care
Introduction
We live in global community includes health care, in this
chapter we look at the major segments of U.S system , and
given an over international health care system, Although all
countries have a healthcare system of some sort, we have
selected only a few to examine. Despite its large size and how
successful its health care system is, health indicators such as
longevity, health care spending, infant mortality, health care
ratio, and proportion to those around the system are used by
distinguished scientists, researchers, and manufacturers.
Health care delivery systems :
The most common system of providing health care around
the world is the so-called Individual payment system. The
single payer system finances the costs of providing care
Comprehensive health care for all residents through one
insurance pool from which costs are paid. This It is the
system used by those countries with universal access And
treatment for all citizens. Bills for all health care costs are
sent to A single agency within a country, state, or province
pays it.
Health care delivery systems :
Health care providers don't do that You typically
pay for individual services under this plan, but
they charge a fee The cost of running the clinic,
hospital or home health unit is transferred
directly to the government.
Health care delivery systems :
This system is used in all Scandinavian
countries, Canada, Australia, New Zealand,
United Kingdom, Taiwan, Cuba, and a variety of
them in France, Germany, Spain, Italy, And other
countries that enjoy universal health care as a
societal benefit.
Health care delivery systems :
Many countries such as Japan use a hybrid model
in which there is insurance Mandatory, the
delivery model is private market model. The
market model of care delivery Health treats health
care like any other product or service, ignoring the
other aspects Very special health care standards.
Health care delivery systems :
There is a wide variation between levels of
providers, with some doctors earning several
million dollars annually, while nurses and other
providers earn a fraction.
Mexico
Provides public institutions, state and federal
governments, and private providers Private
healthcare hospitals and clinics in Mexico. It was
Mexico In the global spotlight in 2009 during the
HIN1 influenza pandemic.
history
The first hospital in Mexico was founded in 1791 by the
Bishop of Guadalajara, Hospicio Cabanas. It is the largest
health complex in Central and Latin America and is a World
Heritage Site.
history
The institute was established Mexican Social Security,
IMSS (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social), In 1943 to
provide public health care to all Mexican citizens.
history
In 2003, the Mexican government launched a universal
health care plan.
Mexican health care delivery system
The system in Mexico is a three-part system (private,
public,and comprehensive) with different levels of care,
payment for providers, and options Delivery depending
on the employment status and income of the citizen.
Mexican health care delivery system
Non-Mexicans can also purchase health care in
Mexico through companies Private insurance –
Mexican, American, out-of-pocket and national plans
Mexican health care delivery system
To other governments (British, Canadian and French),
which compensates Mexico On caring for its citizens.
Mexican health care delivery system
Private sector health care is booming in Mexico,This is
partly due to medical tourism.
Mexican health care delivery system
Mexico is also a popular retirement destination for US and
Canadian citizens, increasing demand for high-quality care.
Mexican health care delivery system
Many Mexican doctors are trained in the United States
American doctors increasingly train in Mexico.
Canada
The Canadian system of health care delivery can be
described as a mixed system because it is possible to have
completely private health care where the patient pays the
provider.
Canada
Most Canadian health care is provided through the single-
payer model. Every province in Canada has the
constitutional option to opt out of this system.
History
The first French settlers established Catholic hospitals in the
19th century.
History
Health care in Canada was private until 1946. At that time,
the province of Saskatchewan provided universal health care
coverage. Over the next ten years.
History
In 1957, the Hospital and Diagnostic Services Act was
passed through which the federal government paid 50
percent of the costs of health care programs in all ten
provinces.
History
In 1966, the Medicare Act was passed that established
universal coverage throughout the country. The Canada
Health Act was passed in 1984 prohibiting additional user
fees and additional physician billing fees.
delivery
The majority of health care in Canada (75%) is publicly
funded and delivered privately. Private sector spending
amounts to about 30 percent of the total
delivery
Optometry, some prescription medications, and plastic
surgery.
delivery
Canadians may also purchase supplemental private health
insurance for these services; About 65 percent of the
population has this coverage.
delivery
Responsibility for actual service provision lies with the
provinces and territories. Although privately funded, most
services are provided by private institutions.
delivery
Most doctors do not earn a salary, but are paid on a fee-for-
service basis. They in turn pay their employees.
statistics :
In 2012, Canada spent 9.8% of GDP on care Health, or
$4,045 per person. Of this, approximately 70 percent were
Government spending, according to the World Health
Organization.
India
India has a population of over a billion people, with only
seven doctors per 10,000 person, according to the World
Health Organization. As India does not have a healthcare
system Central, unlike Mexico and Canada.
Responsibility for health care
This is done through a system of primary care centers,
traditional medicine practitioners and hospitals.
Responsibility for health care
The rural health care system treats less complex cases and
then refers difficult cases to urban centers.
Responsibility for health care
The system is divided between modern Western-style
healthcare and traditional systems and homeopathy.
Responsibility for health care
Traditional medicine has been practiced in India for
thousands of years. Traditional systems include Ayurveda,
Unani, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy and Homeopathy. that's it
Major delivery systems in India, they handle more people
than.. Modern Western style clinics and hospitals.
Responsibility for health care
There are 3,204 conventional hospitals and 725,000
practitioners in India, according to the Ministry of Health.
Responsibility for health care
India is also a major destination for medical tourism for
Western-style procedures.
Responsibility for health care
India hosts several million foreign visitors seeking high-
quality, low-cost healthcare. Because foreigners pay directly,
this form of tourism pumps up
Responsibility for health care
Billions in the Indian economy. Cardiovascular procedures
top the list.
summary
Health care in the global community ranges from single-
payer systems to traditional medicine systems. Very few
systems are like our own, but ours is It has aspects of most
other systems built into it.
summary
Medical tourism in the past was largely an American
experience with people from the United State From all over
the world come here for advanced procedures and care. This
is reflected The trend is due to the rising cost of American
health care and increasing sophistication For other health
care systems.
summary
While people travel all over the world to seek healthcare
from prescription drugs in Canada to heart surgery in India.
summary
To compare countries and how successful their healthcare
system is, indicators are used Health such as life expectancy,
health care spending, Infant and maternal mortality, and the
percentage of citizens covered by the system.