Submitted by: Rajat Garg C08541 EECE, 7th sem
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
Introduction History Components and Specifications Technical Overview Advantages Over Traditional Speaker System Applications Future Scope
INTRODUCTION
Ultra-directional sound technology creates literal beams of sounds. Highly focused and directive beams of sound similar to light beams coming out of a flashlight.
Basic Idea
f1 Non-Linear Device (Air) f2 f1 f2 f1 - f2 f1 + f2
Ex: An ultrasonic signal at 200kHz and another one at 201kHz will generate a 1kHz tone and a 401kHz signal which is inaudible to the human ear.
Basic Idea (Contd)
If an AM signal with a non-zero carrier amplitude is passed through Air, it is self-demodulated
Carrier 0
-f0
f0
HISTORY
The technique has its origins from under water sonar, dating back in 1960s. Developed by Dr. F. Joseph Pompei, while a graduate student at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in 1998. Presently, retail marketing is done by Holosonic Research Labs Inc., founded and headed by Dr. F. Joseph Pompei.
SCIENCE OF ULTRASOUND
Has very small wave length millimeter range. Has very high frequency above 20,000 Hz. Highly focused and directive. Cannot be heard by humans as it lies beyond the human threshold of hearing, i.e., 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
DIRECTIVITY
It means that power of beam is directed in particular direction only. Ultra-directional sound system uses ultrasound to excite air itself. Results in increased directive beam of sound only about 2 m wide.
MEANING OF NON-LINEARITY OF AIR
Linearity
Output is directly dependent upon input. Output signal does not vary over the distance.
Non Linearity of Air
Output is not directly dependent upon input. Simply, distortion in the signals with the distance travelled.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Sound Wave Hybrid Waves Distortion by Air Audible Wave
Ultrasonic Wave
IMPLEMENTATION OF ULTRASOUND
Audio wave is mixed with ultrasonic wave to form a resulting wave. Resulting is the sound waves with directivity of ultrasonic waves.
NON-LINEARITY OF AIR
Non-linearity of the air is employed to create audible byproducts from inaudible ultrasound. Non-linear air acts as de-modulator. As the beam moves through the air, gradual distortion takes place in a predictable way. Resulting in highly narrow beam sound.
AUDIBLE FREQUENCIES WITH ULTRASONIC CARRIER
Similar to Amplitude Modulation. Sound signals are mixed with the pure ultrasound carrier wave, resulting in hybrid wave. Hybrid wave moves through the air, creating complex distortions giving rise to two new frequency sets, one slightly higher and one slightly lower than the hybrid wave. One is similar to original sound wave and another is distorted component. Distorted component gets distorted. Leads to only original sound signal.
COMPONENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Components
A transducer array. A signal processor. An amplifier.
Specifications
Audio output: 100dB max. Usable range: 20m . Audibility to 200m.
TRANSDUCER ARRAY
Responsible for wave generation. IC 555 works as astable multivibrator. Values of resistors and capacitors are chosen according to the frequency required. A transducer is made to project a narrow beam of modulated ultrasound that is powerful enough to substantially change the speed of sound in the air that it passes through Results in the production of
TECHNICAL OVERVIEW
Ultrasound
Non Linearity of Air
Implies ultrasonic waves as carrier waves.
Distorts hybrid beam.
Results in literal beams of sound
Results in conversion of inaudible ultrasonic waves into audible sound waves.
TYPES OF AUDIO
Direct Audio
Direct sound at a specific target.
Projected Audio
Bounce off of a second object, creating an audio image and thus giving an illusion of loudspeaker.
Features
Physically small speakers
No need for crossovers, voice coils
Power efficient Directionality
Resultant audio retains directionality of ultrasound source Acoustic Spotlight
Difficulties
Need powerful ultrasonic sources
modulating these without distortion is difficult
Need an array of transducers that have to be precisely controlled. Conventional ultrasonic transducer elements introduce too much distortion.
MAJOR DIFFERENCE
Traditional Loudspeakers
Piston like device. Directly pumps air molecules into motion to create the audible sound. Sound tend to spread out in all directions from the point of origin
Ultra Sound System
Uses ultrasonic energy to create extremely narrow beams of sound. Behaves like beams of light. Travels as a narrow beam.
APPLICATIONS
Visual advertising. Personalized sound systems. Libraries and museums. Private messaging. Multiple sound sources can be used in close proximity.
THANK YOU!