Substation Layout
Few General guidelines for Primary Circuit Construction
• Heavy components like circuit breakers and instrument transformers
should be installed in line and on the side of appropriate routes for
mounting, dismounting and maintenance.
• Usually, the maintenance is carried out by means of equipped
vehicles, so the width of the route and its distance to a bay shall be
fixed taking into account the safety distances between the operator
and the live parts.
• It is necessary to consider in the layout design the possibility of
extension of the substation
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Substation Layout
Few General guidelines for Primary Circuit Construction
• Layouts with conductors disposition with only two level are preferred
(upper level for the bus-bars system and lower level for the
switchgear connection)
• Energy conductors or shield wires span should not overpass more
than one bus-bars system to avoid long service interruptions due to
clamps or conductor failures
• The substation must be protected against direct lightning strokes by
using overhead shield wires or lightning rods
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Electrical Clearances
The electrical clearances must be determined in order to:
Withstand maximum over-voltages generated by
lightning and switching impulses
Withstand maximum power frequency over-voltages
Allow access to maintenance personal and vehicles
Provide safe approach distances to maintenance people
Maintain the electrostatic field to a safe value
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Definition of Lightning and Switching Impulses
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Electrical Minimum Clearances According to
IEC Std
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Minimum phase-to phase & to ground clearances in
relation to lightning impulse- IEC 60071
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Minimum phase-to phase & to ground clearances in
relation to lightning impulse- IEC 60071
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Minimum phase-to phase & to ground clearances
in relation to switching impulse- IEC 60071
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Substation Layout
Principle of Substation Layouts
Substation layout consists essentially in arranging a number of switchgear
components in an ordered pattern governed by their function and rules of
space separation.
Space Separation
• Earth Clearance: this is the clearance between live parts and earthed
structures, walls, screens and ground.
• Phase Clearance: this is the clearance between live parts of different
phases.
• Isolating Distance: this is the clearance between the terminals of an
isolator and the connections thereto.
• Section Clearance: this is the clearance between live parts and the
terminals of a work section. The limits of this work section, or
maintenance zone, may be the ground or a platform from which the man
works.
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Substation Layout
Separation of maintenance zones
Two methods are available for separating equipment in a
maintenance zone that has been isolated and made dead.
1. The provision of a section clearance
2. Use of an intervening earthed barrier
The choice between the two methods depends on the voltage and
whether horizontal or vertical clearances are involved.
A vertical section clearance is composed of the reach of a man,
taken as 2.30m, plus an earth clearance.
An horizontal section clearance is composed of the horizontal
reach of a man, taken as 1,4 m, plus an earth clearance.
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Separation of maintenance zones ( cont. )
• Separation by earthed barrier = Earth Clearance + 50 mm
for barrier
• For vertical clearances it is necessary to take into
account the space occupied by the equipment and the need
for an access platform at higher voltages.
• The height of the platform is taken as 1.37m below the
highest point of work.
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Maximum Height for 97,5 % of the Population
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Vertical Reach of a Man
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Use of an Access Platform
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Establishing Maintenance Zones
Some maintenance zones are easily defined
and the need for them is self evident as is the case of a
circuit breaker.
There should be a means of isolation on each side of the
circuit breaker and to separate it from adjacent live
parts, when isolated, either by section clearances or
earth barriers.
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Electrical Separations
Together with maintenance zone, the separation by isolating
distance and phase clearances of the substation components
and of the conductors interconnecting them constitute the
main basis of substation layouts.
There are at least three such electrical separations per
phase that are needed in a circuit:
1. Between the terminals of the busbar isolator and their
connections.
2. Between the terminals of the circuit breaker and their
connections.
3. Between the terminals of the line isolator and their
connections.
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ELECTRICAL LAYOUT DRAWING:
Typical electrical layout drawings and sectional drawings of 400kV, 220kV and 132kV substations
with different bus bar arrangements generally adopted are shown in
Figure–6 to Figure–14.
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Substation Layout and Section
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Substation Layout and section for one-and-half CB
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Substation Section
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