LUG DESIGN
What is a LUG ?
Lug is the portion of the member of a lug joint which has a circular cutout , in
which a PIN is inserted to transfer a heavy concentrated load to other members of
the lug joint through a tongue and fork arrangement.
Circular cutout
PIN tongue fork
Tongue and fork arrangement with a pin
LUG DESIGN
What is a LUG ?
Lug is the portion of the member of a lug joint which has a circular cutout , in
which a PIN is inserted to transfer a heavy concentrated load to other members of
the lug joint through a tongue and fork arrangement.
LUG DESIGN
What is a LUG ?
Lug is the portion of the member of a lug joint which has a circular cutout , in
which a PIN is inserted to transfer a heavy concentrated load to other members of
the lug joint through a tongue and fork arrangement.
Circular cutout
PIN tongue fork
Tongue and fork arrangement with a pin
Number of bearing areas in a LUG ?
• Two bearing Lugs
• Three bearing lugs
• Four bearing Lugs
Two bearing Lug Three bearing lug
What are the types of LUG failures?
1. Net section failure
2. Bearing failure
3. Shear tear out
Bearing failure
Net section failure Shear tear out
Methods of Design
Method 1:
Methods of Design
Method 1:
Net section tension failure
DUL
DUL
Methods of Design
Method 1:
Pu(Tension) = DUL Anet = (2R-D)t = DUL/Ftu
In this method we are selecting Anet Such that the lug will have a net section failure at DUL
(If a failure load test is carried out on this lug)
Methods of Design
Method 1:
If this lug is tested it will fail at a load less than DUL
The reason for this is the presence of a stress concentration in the net section area
Such a design will under predict the actual failure load
For Example If DUL = 100 kg and we select the net-section area
based on Ftu (Anet = DUL / Ftu ) and test the lug it will fail at a load
Less than DUL ( For example say at 80 kg)
With this understanding the Design based on method 1 uses a M.S of 25%
Increasing the M.S to 25% means increasing the DUL by 25%.
efficiency
efficiency
Comparison of design process in Method-1 and Method-2
Pf = DUL = Ftu * Anet with M.S = 25%..........................................Method -1
this is equivalent to
Pf = 1.25*DUL = Ftu * Anet with M.S = 0 ( a small positive value )
Pf = DUL = Kt* Ftu * Anet with M.S = 0 ( a small positive value )…… Method-2
Where Kt is Tensile efficiency factor ( which has been established through
Lug testing and given fig. D1.12 )
Stress Concentration factor / Tension Efficiency factor
CURVE 1
CURVE 4
Stress Concentration factor / Tension Efficiency factor
The effect of stress concentration in
reducing the failure load is taken care
by using tension efficiency factor.
Pf K t ult Anet
Pf
allowable
Anet
Pf K t ult Anet
allowable Kt ult
Allowable Allowable – Average stress at the time of failure
Kt
Ultimate
Ult- Average stress at failure of the material
Wing Fuselage
Connector
Wing Fuselage Connector
Wing Front Spar Lug Joint
Jet engine pylon attachment bracket
Pylon
Wing Aileron Bracket
HT VT Attachment
HT VT Attachment
Landing Gear
Airbus A350 XWB
Landing Gear
Boeing 737
Landing Gear
A350 XWB LANDING GEAR JOINT Nose Landing gear
Landing Gear
Pf 1 Ftu * Anet DUL
Pf
M .S 1
P
DUL
Pf
1.25
DUL
Pf DUL *1.25
Pf 2 Ftu * Anet 2 1.25 DUL
Anet 2 1.25 Anet 1
600mm
800mm
50mm
400mm
300mm