English

Developing Paragraphs that

Illustrate Text Types
 Text types may be categorized in a number of ways. The following lists the
more common text types you read almost every day.

1. Narrative – tells a story which can be fiction (made-up story) or non-fiction

(real events). Shorts stories and other traditional tales are examples of fiction,
while biographies are examples of narrative non-fiction.
2. Explanation - explains a particular subject or topic through ideas that
support it. It is a kind of factual text that explains how or why things are. It
elaborates on how or why something occurs or give information on how to
do something.
3. Expository – are also informational texts that present factual data on a topic
through description, sequence, comparison and contrast, cause and effect,
and problem-solution.
4. Procedural text - lists a sequence of actions or steps needed to make or do
something. Some examples include recipes, science experiments, assembly
m anuals, or instructions for playing games. This should not be confused with
explanations on processes, because procedural texts are more directive and
imperative. They instruct readers on how to go about processes.
5. Recount - retells past events which may either be personal or factual.

 Personal recount - retells past events that the writer was personally
involved in. Diary entries and short personal memoirs are examples of
personal recounts

 Factual recount - retells events that also happened in real life but may
not be about the writer himself/herself. News reports and witness
statements are examples of factual recounting.

6. Persuasive text - intends to convince the readers/listeners to believe, perform

a certain action or change mind. Examples of persuasive text types include
advertisements, editorials, debate speeches, arguments, and persuasive
essays and speeches.

6
 Text types are distinguished from one another based on their purpose, their
structure, and recurrent language features.

Activity 2. Text Structure

Directions: Analyze the following examples and describe how ideas are developed
in each sample text type.

Text type Structure or Idea development

Narrative Example:
 Presents events in chronological
order or causal relationship
 Uses the pyramidal structure from
exposition, rising action, climax,
falling action and denouement.

Explanation 
Expository 
Procedure/instructions 
Factual Recount 
Personal Recount 
Persuasive

Example 1. Narrative
Friendship Detour
by Clarit, Tresh

Aga’s fun afternoon was replaced with sadness. The moment he checked his
timeline on Facebook, Bobby was the topic. Aga was shocked that his best friend,
Bobby died. Five hours earlier, they ate chicken barbecue and enjoyed the view of
their favorite beach resort. After that, they proceeded to a nearby restaurant and
ordered the best-selling halo-halo. They saw other friends enjoying their meals, too.
Aga just decided to go home to rest for the next day’s trip. They both got into their
motorbikes. That was the last time Aga saw him.

Example 2. Explanation

Why Sleep is Important

Sleep is like food for your brain. Getting enough sleep is important for your
physical and mental wellbeing. Sleep lets your mind recharge and process
information. It’s the only part of the day that your body gets to rest and repair. Sleep
can also help you feel better, think more clearly, and concentrate better. It gives you
energy to complete tasks and can make you more alert. Without enough sleep you
may have problems with thinking, concentrating, memory, reaction times and mood.
Source: Why Sleep is Important. Kids Helpline. Retrieved from
[Link]

Example 3. Expository text

There are several characteristics which distinguish plants from animals.

Green plants are able to manufacture their own food from substances in the
environment. This process is known as photosynthesis. In contrast, animals,
including m a n, get their food either directly from plants or indirectly by eating
animals which have eaten plants. Plants are generally stationary. Animals, on the
other hand, c an usually move about. In external appearance, plants are usually
green. They grow in a branching fashion at their extremities, and their growth
continues throughout their lives. Animals, however, are very diverse in their external
appearance. Their growth pattern is not limited to their extremities. It is evenly
distributed and only occurs in a definite time period. Therefore, the differences
between plants and animals is quite significant.

Source: Academic Skills Office (ASO) – Fact Sheets Retrieved from

[Link]
sheets

Example 4. Procedural Text

Source: How to Wash Your Ha nds. Healthline. Retrieved from https://

[Link]/health/7-steps-of-handwashing#handwashing-steps

Example 5. Personal Recount

8
 Memories Last a Lifetime
by Clarit, Tresh

9 My family used to visit my grandparents’ farm in the province. I had all the
first-time experiences s u c h as: riding on a carabao, climbing fruit trees, swimming
in the river and pounding pinipig rice. I could not forget also how my mother cooked
her special bibingka or rice cake for u s . I felt that life in the farm was fun. It made
me realize that happiness cannot only be found at the city but also in the
countryside.

Example 6. Factual recount

Footsteps in the Moon

by Clarit, Tresh

Riding in a spacecraft named Apollo 11, Neil Armstrong and company were
determined to reach the moon. O n J u l y 20, 1969, they successfully made it. “One
giant leap for mankind!” the historical line exclaimed by Neil Armstrong. This h as
been a tough challenge to a n astronaut’s mission that brought success to his nation.
S u c h honor made him noteworthy. Carrying his nation’s flag placed on the moon’s
surface was a victory.

Example 7. Persuasive text

Treshella White Beauty Soap

by Clarit, Tresh

Using “Treshella White Beauty Soap” truly gives a n amazing effect. It makes
your skin look smooth and silky white. It contains glutathione and Vitamin C . Hurry!
Grab this product from stores nationwide and experience young-looking skin like no
other.
 Directions: Using the same examples, supply the recurrent language features you
noticed in each text type. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
10

Persu a
sive Expository
Narrative Explanation

Personal
Procedure Fa ctu al recount

recou nt

©2020 [Link]
(Creative commons license)

Activity 4: Express your thoughts!

Directions: Read each paragraph and choose a sentence that best completes its idea
based on the suggested text type. Write the letter of your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. NARRATE M E NOW! (Narrative Text)

Once there was a family in a certain village. The father who was very ill
talked to his sons Troy, Robert and Felix one evening. One
day, I will be gone, so you must have to find the three boxes in the mountain.
Those boxes will help each of you prosper in life,” he said.

A. “You have to visit our farm.

B. “You m ust take care of each other.
C. “I a m old and getting weaker each day.
D. “I would be glad if you could find the treasures.
 2. CO N V I N CE M E (Persuasive Text)
Skipping breakfast is very common to young people. They think it is
not necessary. However, I believe that eating breakfast is important to start
11 the day right. The following are the advantages of having breakfast: it gives
your body energy and strength and makes your brain function well.
. S o , now is the right time to start eating
breakfast to stay healthy and productive.

A. Eating breakfast is advisable.

B. While, skipping breakfast is a diet practice.
C. However, eating breakfast is advantageous.
D. O n the other h and, missing breakfast will lead to a lot of health problems.

3. R EC A L L YOUR E X P E R I E N C E (Personal Recount)

Mr. Santos said, “Dear son, I can still remember when my father told
me his secret. It was about the treasures he buried in the mountain.
. I was very determined and excited to find those
treasures, so, I never thought of dangers on my way, but I was desperate
because I was selfish to think, “When I found the treasures, I could have
owned the largest part of the land in the mountain.”

A. He offered me the treasure box.

B. He went home with the treasure.
C. He gave me the large portion of the land.
D. He challenged me to search the treasures.

Activity 5: Identify and Arrange Me

Directions: Read the sentences in the box and copy the diagram into a separate
sheet of paper. Then, arrange the sentences in the diagram accordingly.
Write only the letters. Finally, at the center, write the text type used.

1-5

A. S o , Max just decided to cancel the plan and waited for Ana’s free time.
B. Max told her if she’s willing for a jog.
C. Anna responded to Max that she was unavailable.
D. One afternoon, Anna received a call from her friend M ax.
 Example: Personal Recount - Diary Entry
November 7, 2016
8:08 AM (Saturday)
14
O h , how time flies! It was 2016 and I had the chance to travel with my
sister in Manila. We had the chance to meet and greet our relatives for
the first time. We had the best experience hopping from one spot to the
other. It was one unforgettable experience and would surely have a lot
more in the future.

November 8, 2017
4:04 PM (Sunday)

I had once visited a place last vacation. I was amazed by the environment. I
loved its calm and peaceful scenery. Whenever I saw the trees, flowers and birds,
they gave me the feeling of happiness. I felt relieved from stress. That place gave me
the comfort and relaxation I needed.

Example: Factual Recount - News Article

Example:

The “community pantry” of essential goods that first emerged along a street in
Quezon City ha s spread in other areas in and out of Metro Manila. Many persons
praise s u c h effort as a form of community spirit, where strangers help strangers
during the COV ID -19 pandemic. B u t at the same time, they see it as a critique of
the government’s response to the coronavirus, which they feel is not reaching the
people who need help the most. “We are here to remind each other that we c an rely
on one another. After all, we can’t really rely on anyone else”,
-Abolisyon. ([Link], April 18, 2021)

RUBRIC
Components 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point
T
Structure  has 5 has 3 to 4 has 1 to 2
logical sentences logical sentences sentences with O
with clear main with clear main main idea but T
idea and idea and lack supporting
supporting details supporting details details A
L
Content and has 5 sentences has 3 to 4 has 1 to 2
that give factual sentences that give sentences S
Language C
Features information with factual information attempt to give O
definition and/or with definition factual
explanation of the and/or explanation information / R
key words used of the key words explanation of the E
used key words used

Score /2
16
Directions: Work on the two writing tasks, a narrative and a persuasive text type.
Note the rubrics for evaluating each output.

1. Narrate events based on the images shown below. Write a five-sentence paragraph
using a narrative text type on you answer sheet.

RUBRIC for NARRATIVE TEXT-TYPE PARAGRAPH

Components 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point
has 5 T
Structure  has 3-4 has 1-2
sentences that sentences that sentences that O
logically tell a logically tell a story attempt to tell a T
story either in either in fiction or story either in
fiction or non- non-fiction fiction or non- A
fiction fiction L

S
Content and correctly uses has 1 to 3 errors has 4 or more C
Language past form verbs in using past errors in using O
Features while narrating form verbs while past form verbs
or answering narrating or while narrating or R
what happened answering what answering what E
to the happened to the happened to the
character/s in character/s in clear character/s in clear
clear setting/s. setting/s. setting/s.

Score /2
 2. Write a five-sentence persuasive text type about your stand on the use of cellphone
in the classroom.
17
RUBRIC for PERSUASIVE-TYPE PARAGRAPH (by I. Loayon)
Components 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point
T
Structure has 5 sentences has 3-4 sentences has 1-2 sentences
with a specific with a specific topic that attempt to O
topic that that convinces the convince the T
convinces the readers to believe or readers to believe
readers to believe to change mind then or to change mind A
or to change mind perform a certain then perform a L
then perform a action certain action
certain action S
C
O
Content and correctly uses  has 1 to 3  has 4 or more
adjectives to R
Language errors in the errors in the E
Features describe well the use of adjectives to
product and to use of adjectives
to describe well the
defend the product and to
usefulness of it for describe well the
product and to defend the
a particular cause. defend the usefulness of it for a
usefulness of it for a particular cause
particular cause

Score /2
 References
Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. 2005-2021. Retrieved from [Link]
22 [Link]/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice- for-public
Literary Devices. 2020. Retrieved from [Link]
essay/

“Paragraph Examples: Expository, Narrative, Persuasive, Descriptive, and More.”

[online] Retrieved from [Link]

The Copywriting in Action School. 2008–2019. Retrieved from

[Link]

Text Types. Retrieved from [Link]

47444653

"Open Oregon – Educational Resources". Openoregon. [Link],

2020. [Link] Retrieved from
[Link]