Histology and Embryology
Medical School Of Southeast University
Wu Xiaojing
36410257@[Link]
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
The male reproductive system consists of
the testes, genital ducts and accessory sex
glands .
The accessory sex glands include the
seminal vesicles, prostate, & bulbouretheral
glands.
FUNCTIONS
The testes have two functions: they produce
the male gametes or spermatozoa, and they
produce male sexual hormone, testosterone,
which stimulates the accessory male sexual
organs and causes the development of the
masculine sex characteristics.
Introduction
Testes: Produce spermatozoa (sperm), testosterone
Epididymis 附睾
Genital ducts: Spermaduct
输精管 Ejaculatory
Transportsduct urethra the射精管
and nourishes sperm
Seminal vesicles 精囊
Accessory genital glands Prostate gland 前列腺
生殖副腺 : Bulbourethral glands 尿道腺
Seminal fluid 精液
Penis
[Link]
s Serosa
Tunica albuginea 白膜
capsula Mediastinum testis 睾丸纵隔
Septum 隔
Blood vessel membrane
Interstitial cell 间质细胞
Testicular lobules 睾丸小叶
substance Seminiferous tubule 生精小管
Tubulus rectus 直精小管
Rete testis 睾丸网
Efferent duct
seminiferous duct 输出小管
输精管
Testicular lobules
睾丸小叶
Tunica albuginea
Straight tubule 白膜
直精小管
Rete testis
睾丸网 tunica vaginalis
鞘膜腔
Seminiferous tubule
生精小管
输出小管
输精管 附睾
生精小管
隔
睾丸纵隔 白膜
鞘膜腔
睾丸网
直精小管
Tunica albuginea 白膜
Mediastinum testis 睾丸纵隔
图 18-2 睾丸光镜图 （★白膜 ↓小叶间结缔组织）
1.1 Seminiferous tubule
Spermatogonium 精原细胞
Spermatogenesis
Primary spermatory 初级精母细胞
精子发生
Spermatogenic cell Secondary spermatory 次级精母细胞
Spermatogenicepithelium
生精细胞
Spermiogenesis
Spermatid 精子细胞
精子形成
Spermatozoa精子
生精上皮
Sertoli cell 支持细胞
Basal membrane
Myoid Cell 间质细胞
Seminiferous tubule
白膜
隔
睾丸间质细胞
生精小管
生精小管
Seminiferous tubule 生精小管
Myoid Cell 间质细胞
Basal lamina
spermatogonium
Primary
spermatocyte
Sertoli C
spermatid
生精上皮
精子
精子细胞
初级精母细胞
支持细胞 精原细胞
精原细胞 精原细胞
1.1.1 Spermatogenic cells
• spermatogonium
• primary spermatocyte
• secondary spermatocyte
• spermatid
• spermatozoa
spermatogenesis
（ 1 ） spermatogonium
location: closely attach to basal lamina of
spermatogenic Epi.
round ， organells poorly-developed
differentiate into primary spermatocyte
（ 2 ） primary spermatocyte
attach to the luminal surface of the spermatogonia.
large.
after 1 st meiotic division ， produce 2 secondary
spermatocyte 。
（ 3 ） secondary spermatocyte
Not easy to be seen in section.
After the second meiotic division ， form 2 spermatids.
SG : 精原细胞
Spermatogonia
PS: 初级精母细胞
primary
Spermatocytes
SC: 支持细胞
Sertoli cells
LS: 精子细胞
late spermatids
初级精母细胞
精原细胞
Spermatogonia
Primary spermatocytes
（ 4 ） spermatid
adjoining to the lumen.
No division ， undergo extensive cell remodeling ,
as they differentiate into sperm.
this process is called spermiogenesis 。
（ 5 ） sperm
Shaped pollywog ( 蝌蚪 ) divide into head sperm & tail sperm
head: nucleus+acrosome 。
In acrosome, variant acrosomal enzymes.
tail: motile equipment .
图 18-8 上：精子光镜图（精液涂片
左：精子超微结构模式图
Spermiogenesis includes formation of the acrosome condensation and
elongation of the nucleus, development of the flagellum( 鞭毛 ), and the
loss of much of the cytoplasm. The end result is the mature spermatozo
on, which is released from the Sertoli cell surface into the tubule’s lume
n.
(1) Concentration of nuclie– form the head of sperm
(2) Golgi complex-- close to one end of the nucleus (acrosin 顶 体 蛋 白 ) --
acrosome
(3) The centrioles migrate to a position farthest from the acrosomal cap and one
acts as a basal body, organizing the axoneme of the flagellum which is
structurally and functionally similar to that of a cilium
(4) mitochondrial –mitochondrial sheath
(5) residual body – phagocytized by Sertoli cell
头 颈
线粒体鞘
中心粒
顶体
鞭毛丝
分化中的精子细胞
Spermiogenesis
图 18-7 精子形成模式图
• Spermatogonium 46,XY
• primary spermatocyte 46,XY
• secondary spermatocyte 23.X/23.Y Spermatogenesis
• spermatid 23,X/23,Y
• spermatozoa 23,X/23,Y
Spermiogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis: The process that Spermatogonium differentiation
into mature spermatozoa.
1. Spermatogonium devide into spermatocyte( 精母细胞 )
2. spermatocyte differente into haploid spermatid
3. round spermatid undergo Spermiogenesis and differente into
spermatozoa
1.1.2 Sustetacular cell
(Sertoli cell )
1). Location:
2). Conformation: basal compartment
Tight junction
abluminal Compartment
3). Function:
Inhibin
Androgen-binding protein, （ ABP ）雄激素结合蛋白
support , nutrient spermatogenic cells
Phagocytize residual body
Form the Blood-seminiferous tubule barrier
精子
精子细胞
初级精母细胞
支持细胞 精原细胞
精原细胞 精原细胞
Blood-seminiferous tubule barrier ：
The structure , prevent large molecular substances
exchange between the blood and the seminiferous
tubule.
constituents ： endothelium & basal lamina of
cap. 、 CT 、 basal lamina of spermatogenic epi. And
the tight junctions of adjoining supporting C .
Tight - junction is the essential constituent of blood-
seminiferous tubule barrier.
血睾屏障
1.2 Interstitial C
Leydig C( 睾丸间质细胞 ),
In group, large , polygonal, highly
eosinophilic .
Steroid-secreting C: elaborate sER, Mit.
With cristae. Secret testosterone/androgen
Functions of leydig C
maintain spermatogenesis & secondary
sex characteristics.
Be responsible for the development of
genital organs in male.
Keep sex capability.