Reading and Writing 11

QUARTER 4 - MODULE 3:

COMPOSING ACADEMIC Writing

lesson 1: What is a book review?

A book review describes and evaluates a work of fiction or

non fiction and offers the book’s overall purpose, structure,
style od narration to unknown readers. it tells not only
what a book is all about,but also how successful it is at
what it is trying to do. it is sneak peek at a book, not a
summary.
 As a reviewer, you bring together the two strands of accurate , analitical reading and
strong, personal response when you indicate what thebook is about and what it
meant to readers.
 We have to read the book first and ask yourself these questions:
 What are the authors viewpoint and purpose?
 What are the authors main point?
 What kind of evidence does the author use to prove his or her points?
 How this books relate to other books on the same topic?
 Does the author have the necessary expertise to write the book?
 What are the most appropriate criteria by which to judge the books?
 How successful do you think the author was in carrying out the overall
purpose of the book?
If it is a short review, you may not be able to fullfill your
purpose.
If its too long, it may stray too much of the plot or of the
content, you may lose interest of your readers.
TAKE THIS GENERAL GUIDELINE:
The lenght of review depends upon the lenght of the
book itself, and a review should not be less than 100
words.
Longer words usually asks for more than 500 words.
OW DO you START WRITING A bOOk review?

Identify the book by Specify the type of book (for

example: fiction, non-fiction,
01 author, title and
sometimes publishing 02 biography, and authobiography).
Help your readers to review with
information. perspective.

Include background, if
neccessary, to enable reader/
Mention the
03 book’s theme.
04 to place the book into a
specific context.
HOW DO you START WRITING A bOOk review?

You may also use an interesting

05 quote, an interesting fact, or an
explanation of a concept or
term.
 What ddDo you ddddddDo with the
content? with the
What ddDo you ddddddDo
content?
1. For nonfiction books, like biography, history and like: pay primary attention to
the major points (the argument) the author is putting forth and to the source the
author has drawn upon to back up his/her point of view.
2. for fictional works such as novels, chic lit, graphic novels, manga: Pay attention
primaryto the novel or books’ setting, plot, style, characters, theme/s, use of
language and voice.
Caution: DO NOT GIVE AWAY THE STORY FOR NO ONE
APPRECIATES A SPOILER!
3. Provide your reaction to the book.
4. Describe the book.
5. Respond to thr authors opinion and analyze it.
6. Explore issues the book raises.
 how Do you
concludDe?
1. Relate your argument to other books or authors.
2. Relate the books to the larger issues.
3. Tie together issues raised in the review.
4. Briefly restate your main points and your thesis
statements.
5. Indicate how well the book has achieved its goal, what
possibilities are suggested by the book. what the book
has left out, how the books compares to others on the
subject, what specific points are not convincing, and
what personal experiences you’ve had related to the
subject.
 how dDo you Revised the dDrafts?

1. Allow time to elapse, at least a day, before startinon.

2. Correct grammatical mistakes and punctuation as you
find them.
3. read your paper through again for unity, organization
and logical development.
4. if neccessary, do not hesitate to make major revisions
in your draft.
5. verify quotations for accuracy and check the format
and content of references.
 lesson 2:
literature review

A Literature Review (RL) is a type of academic essay that examine what has
been written about a topic. as a collection of published research about your
topic by recognized scholars and researches, it is a way for you to examine
also what has already been done in regard to your research questions opr
problem. likewise, it summarizes and synthesizes the conducted research
driven by guiding principles. although, it is not a research paper, it provides a
background for your problem and a rationale for your research (Abadiano, 51-
52).
 components and its purpose:
• INTRODUCTION
 Define the topic and the scope being considered.
 Notes intentional exclusions.
 States the general findings of the review and the availability of the sources.
• MAIN BODY
 Organizes the evaluation of the sources whether chronologically or thematically.
 showcass the critical summary and evaluation of the research’s premise,
methodology, and conclusion.
 Use grammatical connectors, relational words phrases and transistional devices.
• CONCLUSION
 Summarizes the key findings of the review.
 Offers the reviewer’s justification of the conducted research.
• REFERENCES
 Reflects the in-text citations
 Contains complete and correct citations.
 four literature review strategies:

 SUMMARY- state briefly the argument main points of

relevant research.
 SYNTHESIS - combine ideas in order to form an
integrated theory or system through critical evaluation
compare/contrast, etc.
 ANALYSIS - examine closely the elements or structure of
the research.
 EVALUATION - asses the research based on the criteria or
rubric that you choose, state, and explain. Suppor it with
another similar research.
 lesson 3:
research report

RESEARCH REPORT is a long, formal essay, usually five

to fifteen pages in lenght which presents thw writer’s views
and findings ona chosen subject. Howeve, is it not just a
long composition which follows the principles of good
writing. it is a scholarly work and not just a ollection of
notes lifted from many different soiurces and strung
together, one after the other.
 COMPONENTS OF A RESEARCH REPORT:
TITLE
It reflects and emphasis of the project described in the report. Similarly, it should be as short as possible, including
essential keyword

ABSTRACT
It is an overview of the research study and is typically two to four paragraphs in lenght containing 200-300 words. thinks
of it as an excecutive and technical summary that distills the key elements of the remaining sections into a few sentences.

INTRODUCTION
It provides the key question that the researcher is attempting to answer and a reviewof any literature that is relevant. In
addition, the researcher will provide a rationale of why the research is important and will present a hypothesis that attemps
to answer the key question.

METHODOLOGY
This arguably the most important sectioj for two reasons: (1) it allows readers to evaluate the quality of the research, and
(2) it provides the deatils by which another researcher may replicate and validate the findings. typoically, the information in
the methodology section arranged in chronological order with the most important information on top of each section.

RESULTS
In longer research papers, the result section contains the data and perhaps a short introduction. Ideally, the interpretation
of the data and the analysis is reserved for the discussion section.
 COMPONENTS OF A RESEARCH REPORT:
DISCUSSIONS
This section is where the results of the study are interpreted and evaluated againts the existing body or literature. In
addition, should there be any anomalies found in the results, this is where the authors point them out. Finally, it is an
attempt to connect the results top the bigger picture and show how the results might be applied.

REFERENCES
This sections prvides a list of each authors and paper cited in the research report. Any fact, idea, or direct quotation used
in the report should be cited and referenced.

HOW DO YOU FORMAT A RESEARCH REPORT?

There is no one best format for all reports for a format depends on several relevant variables. You must apply a suitable
format to create a desirable impression with clarity. Report must be attractive. While you should write systematically, you
must use the format (or ofter called structure) that best fits the needs and wants of its readers.
 lesson 4:
ProjjjJEct proposal

RESEARCH REPORT is a document that is written for

problem solving, service provision, event planning, or
equipment selling. Generally, proposals are used to convince
the reader to do what the proposal suggests, such as buying
goods or services, funding a project, or implementing a
program. Proposals in the professional words are used for
internal (within an organization) and external (from one
organization to another) purposes. there are ways of
generating income for companies or seeking funding for
projects.
 A PROPOSAL stand out depending on its ability to clearly answer
questions about what is being proposed, how the plan will be carried out,
when it will be implemented, and how much money will be needed or
spent,, In other words, they are persuasive documents that need to do the
following:
 Highlight readers benefits
 Prove your credibility in carrying out the projects and;
 Allow the reader to respond easily.
GUIDELINES IN WRITING PROPOSAL:
1. GATHERING DATA - one of characteristic of an efective proposal is being well-researched. It needs concreted data
to back up it claims so it can become more credible. you can gather data from primary and secondary soures, and apply
the nstrategies that you learned in writing a research paper.

2. ORGANIZING THE DATA - A proposal becomes more effective if the information on it is clearly organized. You
can use the parts of the proposal to guide you in your organization, or use an outline to structure your discussion more
effectively.

3. WRITING THE PROPOSAL - Fill out the parts of the proposal with the relevant data.

4. REVISING THE PROPOSAL - make sure to review your proposal for accurcy and will put your
organization before you send it out. A good proposal will be comprehensive and
will put your organization in the best light.
FORMATTING THE PROJECT PROPOSAL:
1. INTRODUCTION - this part provides the background for understanding project which is done by telling your
reader by the following:
 RATIONALE - identifies the problem to be addressed and shows the need to solve iut.
 OBJECTIVES - these reveal what the project in tend to achive in terms of result. It also gives the reader an idea
of the intended solution. Good objectives are SMART.
 BENEFITS - shows what are the reader or the target audience can gain from the proposal, which may be
improvements in processes or systems, an increase in revenue, or a change in behavior of the beneficiaries of the
proposal.
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION - this section gives specific information about the project itself. It indicates how the
projectwill address trhe identified problem through the following parts:
 METHODOLOGY - entailes the different activities, the project will take on, including teh manpower ( i.e., the
people involved and their duties), resources to be utilized and the expanded output.
 SCHEDULE - this dicusses the task duration and expected start and end dates of each activity in project.
 BUDGET - this represent an analysis of all the costs anticipated in the project, which can be itemized
 or shown as a whole, depending on theneeds of the project.
 lesson 5:
ProjjjJEct proposal

The POSITION PAPER is a composition that highlights an

opinion of an author or specified entity about an issue. As a
debate, it present side of an arguaable opinions and
persuades readers or audience that the author has a well-
foundedknowledge about the issue.
After choosing the argument to take, you must present relevant SUPPORTING EVIDENCE like:
1. FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE
2. STATISTICAL INFERENCES
3. INFORMEDOPINIONS
4. PERSONAL TESTIMONY

COMPONENTS OF POSITION PAPER

1. THE INTRODUCTION- identifies the isse that will be discussed and sttes the author’s position on thatissue.
a). Introduce your topic with background information
b). Build up your thesis statement which asserts your position

2. THE BODY - contains the central argument and can be further broken up into sections:
a). Possible objections to yopur position (coubter argument)
b).A discussion of both sides of the issue, which addresses and refutes argument that contradict the
author’s position (your argument)
c).Explain that your position is still the est one, depsite the strengthof counter-arguments. This is
where you can work to discredit some of the counter-arguments and support your own.
3. CONCLUSION - restating the key points and when applicable, suggest resolution to the issue.
a).Restate your position
b). Provide Plan of Action
(Thoughtco 2020)
Thank you for
listening!
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