Investigating
Principles
Governing
Motion
P R E S E N T E D B Y: G R O U P 2
OBJECTIVES
• Compare and contrast Aristotelian and Galilean
conceptions of vertical motion, horizontal motion,
and projectile motion
• Explain the distinction between Newton’s 1st Law of
Motion
• Galileo’s assertion that force is not necessary to
sustain horizontal motion; and
• Cite practical applications of principles involving
motion in our day to day living.
What I Know
1. Which of the following is TRUE about Galileo's assertion about free -
falling bodies?
a. Bodies will fall on the surface of the Earth at a constant acceleration.
b. Bodies will fall on the surface of the earth at a constant speed.
c. bodies will fall on the surface of the Earth at a constant velocity.
d. Bodies will fall on the surface of the Earth at a constant projectile.
2. Which of the following is NOT considered part of Aristotelian's
natural motion?
a. A book resting on top of a table
b. Pushing a cart
c. An apple failing from a tree
d. Smoke naturally rises
3. Which of the following is NOT an assertion of Galileo?
a. A body that is in uniform mouon will move a distance that is
proportional to the time it will take to travel.
b. A uniformly accelerating body will travel at a speed proportional to
time.
c. An object in motion will keep moving; and the external force is not
necessary to maintain the motion.
d. A body will fall on the surface of the Earth at a constant speed.
4. Which of the following is TRUE about Aristotle's assertion about
vertical motion?
a. The distance of a body is inversely proportional to the time it covers to
travel a certaineient.
b. The mass of a body is inversely proportional to the time it covers to
travel a certain height.
c. The acceleration of a body is inversely proportional to the time it
covers to travel a certain height.
d. The velocity of a body is inversely proportional to the time it covers
to travel a certain height.
5. Which of the following is TRUE about inertia based on Galileo's
conception?
a. Inertia is responsible for bringing a body to motion.
b. Inertia is responsible for the continuous acceleration of a body.
c. The amount of inertia of a body is directly proportional to its mass.
d. The amount of inertia of a body is inversely proportional to its
mass.
PRINCIPLES GOVERNING MOTION
• MOTION
•motion is the phenomenon in
which an object changes its
position with respect to time.
Motion is mathematically
described in terms of
displacement, distance,
velocity, acceleration and
speed.
GALILEAN CONCEPTIONS VS
ARISTOTELIAN CONCEPTIONS
According to Aristotle, motion is classified as
natural or violent motion. He explained that in a
natural motion, a body will move and will return
to its natural state based on the body’s nature and
composition. In contrast, a body moving in a
violent motion needs an external force for it to
move.
However, Galileo disproved Aristotle’s
claims and stated that the motion of a
body is not due to its composition. He
further asserted that the motion of a
body can be described by measurement
and the changes in quantifiable
variables such as time and distance.
Vertical Motion
The vertical motion is a motion that happens
when we throw an object totally up, this
means that the initial velocity or the force is
only applied in the vertical axis, this is why
this motion only has vertical movement and in
case there is a horizontal motion, it is because
of the air that makes the object move.
Horizontal Motion
Horizontal motion is defined as a projectile
motion in a horizontal plane depending upon
the force acting on it. For a short distance,
the vertical and horizontal components of a
projectile are perpendicular and independent
of each other.
Projectile Motion
Projectile motion is a form of motion
experienced by an object or particle that
is projected in a gravitational field, such
as from Earth's surface, and moves
along a curved path under the action of
gravity only.
Aristotle about Horizontal Motion
Object moving on level surface
moves in unchanging direction at
constant speed unless disturbed. An
object subject to two separate
influences (disturbances) responds
to each without modifying its
response to the other. No continued
pushing/pulling required to maintain
horizontal motion.
Aristotle about
Projectile Motion
•He also had his view of the projectile
motion of an object, he believed that
an object thrown at a certain angle is
given an impetus- a force or energy
that permits an object to move. It will
continue to move in such a state until
the object's impetus is lost, and the
object returns to its natural state,
causing it to stop and fall to the
ground
GALILEAN CONCEPTIONS GALILEO'S
DISPROVE ARISTOTLE CLAIMS
Galileo disproved Aristotle claims and
believe that the motion of subject is not
simply due to the composition of subjects.
An object in motion, if unimpeded will
continue to be in motion, an external force
is not necessary to maintain the motion.
Horizontal Motion
This idea is related to what we know today as law of
inertia by newton, Galileo believed that an object in
motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion, and
external force is not necessary to maintain the motion.
Objects are pushed and will not be impeded. Thus,
objects will continue to move. This kind of motion,
however, is not evident in nature. :For example, if a ball
is pushed on an infinitely flat plane, the ball will
continue to roll if unimpeded.
Vertical Motion
• He said that if a ball and a feather were
drop at the same from a height, they will
reach the ground at the same time.
• This, according to him will happen in the
absence of a resistance, objects would fall
not depending on their weight, but in the
time of fall.
Projectile Motion
uniformly accelerated motion in the vertical
direction. If it's not impeded, it will
continue to move even without applied
force. :For example, when you shoot a ball
in a basketball ring, the ball does not need a
Force to keep it moving.
Galileo and his uniform
acceleration
Galileo asserted using his cannonball
experiment that when objects are
dropped simultaneously at the same
height, they will reach the ground at
the same time regardless of mass, size,
and air resistance. This experiment
paved the way for the discovery of the
principle of uniform acceleration.
Assessment
1.)Rising of smoke is an 3.)The resistance of a medium in
example of what type of response to movement of a body is
motion according to Aristotle? known as;
a. natural b. normal a. antiperistasis b. force
c. inertia d. gravity
c. reaction d. violent
4.)What will happen if an external
2.)Which of the following is force is acted upon a body at rest?
needed to put a body to rest? a. it will move b. it will not move
a. inertia b. force c. nothing will happen d. it will
c. gravity d. mass remain in motion
5.)What will happen to the acceleration of the
body if a marble moves in a sloped downward
plane?
a. accelerates
b. decelerates
c. nothing
d. not determined
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