The Body’s Reproductive
System – The First Part of Sexulality
Male Reproductive System
External Structures
• Penis: external male sex organ
- Circumcised: removes some or all of foreskin
- Uncircumcised: foreskin not removed
• Scrotum: sac of skin and muscle containing testicles
Uncircumcised Circumcised
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Internal Structures
• Prostate: exocrine gland of male
reproductive system
• Vas Deferens: tubes connecting
epididymis to ejaculatory ducts
• Epididymis: organ where sperm matures
• Testicles: organ where sperm is created
• Urethra: tube that connects bladder to
outside of body
• Cowper’s Gland: secretes lubricating
fluid
• Seminal Vesicle: make semen (seminal
fluid)
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The Sperm Pathway
Seminal vesicles
Testes
Ejaculatory duct
Sperm
Prostate gland
Epididymis
Urethra
Vas deferens Expulsion
from the body
Male Reproductive
Disorders
Testicular Torsion
• Testicular torsion
is the twisting of
the spermatic
cord, which cuts
off the blood
supply to the
testicle and
surrounding
structures within
the scrotum.
Prostate Cancer
• Cancer of
the Prostate
Testicular Cancer
most common cancer
in males between the
ages of 15 and 34
highly treatable when
diagnosed early
Signs include…
collection of fluid in the scrotum
lump or enlargement in either testicle
Unexplained fatigue
Performing Testicular Self-Exams
Step 1: Draw a warm bath to relax the scrotum
Step 2: Get familiar with your body
Step 3: Place one leg on an elevated surface
Step 4: Use one hand to support testicle
Step 5: Use the other hand to gently roll testicle
between thumb and index finger
Look for: Hard lumps, tenderness,
hardness of testicle or discharge of
the penis
Inguinal Hernia
• Inguinal hernias
occur when part
of the intestine
protrudes
through a weak
spot in the
abdomen —
often along the
inguinal canal,
which carries
the spermatic
cord in men
Urologist
• Medical professional ---
Specializes in the urinary tract of males and
females and in the reproductive system of
males
Female Reproductive
system
• External Structures
Female • Mons Pubis: soft mound of flesh
Reproductive above genitals
System
• Labia: lip-like structures on the
outside of the vagina
• Clitoris: sex organ whose sole
function is pleasure – same
erectile tissue is present that is
present in the penis
External Organs
Internal Structures
Vagina: muscular tube to outside of body; organ for
sexual intercourse; birth canal
Hymen: mucous membrane around vaginal opening
which can break during normal childhood activities…bike
riding, etcl.
Female Cervix: lower, narrow portion of uterus
Reproductive Uterus: pear-shaped organ containing growing fetus and
System contracts during childbirth
Endometrium – Inner lining of uterus
Fallopian Tubes: 4-inch-long pathway for egg travel
during ovulation
Ovaries: egg-producing organs and produce estrogen
Internal
Female
Reproductive
Organs
Female
Reproductive
Systems Disorders
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Progressive infection—gets worse over time
• Affects fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix or ovaries
• Can lead to long term reproductive problems
• Symptoms include: foul-smelling discharge,
heavier than normal periods, painful urination
• Causes: bacteria move upward from a woman's
vagina or cervix (opening to the uterus) into her
reproductive organs. Many different organisms
can cause PID, but many cases are associated
with gonorrhea and chlamydia, two very
common bacterial STDs
• Systemic illness: it affects the whole body
• Caused by toxic bacterial
• Ways to get it…
• Using superabsorbent tampons
• Wearing a diaphragm or contraceptive sponge
• Having a staph or strep infection, especially if
you have skin wounds or healing surgical
incisions
• Symptoms include: high fever, rapid drop in
blood pressure, sun burn like rash, weakness,
headaches and even kidney failure
• In Endometriosis, the tissue begins to grow on the outside of the uterus
• Causes: menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows back
through the fallopian tubes and into the pelvic cavity instead of out
of the body. These displaced endometrial cells stick to the pelvic
walls and surfaces of pelvic organs, where they grow
• Symptoms include: severe pelvic pain, constipation, diarrhea
Pain when having intercourse, can cause infertility
The Facts About Breast Cancer
• Second Leading cause of cancer among women
(232,340 new cases a year)
• Every 3 minutes a woman is diagnosed with
breast cancer. 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed in
their lifetime.
• Approximately 2,150 men will be diagnosed each
year.
• There are 2.8 million breast cancer survivors
today.
• Early detection is the best way to protect yourself
Performing A Breast Self Exam
First, look for changes…Then, feel for
changes
Step 1: Lie down and raise right arm
above head
Step 2: Examine area from underarm to
lower bra line; across to breast bone; up
to collar bone; back to armpit
Step 3: Use pads of three middle fingers
of the left hand to check the right breast,
in dime-sized circles
Intersex Individuals
•Many causes for a baby to be born
Intersex – not clearly male or female
•1 in 2000 live births are intersex
•Causes –
•a. Chromosome differences - examples
•b. Hormonal differences - examples