DISASTER MANAGEMENT AN OVERVIEW BY BRIG. [Link], V.S.M., (Retd) CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENT & DISASTERS A. P.A.R.D.
Damage Potential
CYCLONE
Society
Elements at Risk
Poorer than before
Huge Losses/ Damages
Disruption of Normal life & Development Suffers
Damage Potential
Awareness- Effect on Elements
HAZARD
Society
Action Plans
Elements at Risk
Quicker Recovery Communities More Resilient More Stable Society
Huge Losses/ Damages
Reduced Losses
Damage Potential
HAZARD
Elements at Risk
Societal Elements Natural Features River/Stream Banks Low-lying Areas Sea & Sea-coast Slopes of hills People & Live-stock Huts & Semi-permanent Houses Weak Buildings Agri. & Horticultural crops Livelihood tools / Equipment
Unsecured personal assets
Public Infrastructure
Scale of Disaster
Is Dependent on :
Lead Time Available. Intensity of Hazard. Duration. Spatial Extent. Density of Population & Assets. Time of Occurrence.
Vulnerabilities existing in the Elements at Risk.
Hazard X Vulnerability = Disaster
ELEMENTS AT RISK
People Livestock Rural Housing Stock Houses Vulnerable Crops, Trees,Telephone, Electric poles Boats, Looms, Working Implements Personal Property Electricity, Water and Food Supplies Infrastructure Support
AIMS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the potential losses from hazards. Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims when necessary.
Achieve rapid and durable recovery.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
PRE-DISASTER
DURING DISASTER
Stages of Disaster
Cyclone
BEFORE Jan - Apr
Well Before Weeks-Months Just Before Hours
DURING MAY
AFTER June- Oct
Actual Time Period
Rescue
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Role Players in Disasters
People : Individuals, House -Holds, Volunteers Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati Secretary, Panchayati Members Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers, Retired Army & Police Personnel Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical, Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings, Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public Health, Police etc. NGOs
DEFINITIONS OF VULNERABILITY The extent to which a community, structure, service or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular disaster hazard Vulnerability is the propensity of things to be damaged by a hazard.
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Disaster preparedness aims at minimizing the adverse effects of a hazard -
Through effective precautionary actions Ensure timely, appropriate and efficient organisation and delivery of emergency response following the impact of a disaster.
PREPAREDNESS
Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping to include Resources. Assess strengthening requirements and execute. Funding for preparedness must be arranged. Peoples cooperation through Political leaders, elders, Volunteers and NGOs Create lead time by interpreting Warnings Plan to include movement of resources with time frame. Aim to reduce the destructive potential of cyclones, timely & appropriate relief to victims and quick & durable recovery
Disaster Preparedness Framework
COMPONENTS OF PREPAREDNESS
Vulnerability Assessment Information System Planning Resource Base Institutional Framework Warning Systems
Response Mechanisms
Public Education and Training
Rehearsals
Disaster Response Activities
Warning Evacuation/Mitigation Search and Rescue Assessment Emergency Relief Logistics and Supply Communication and information Management Survivor Response and coping Security EOC & coordination Expedite rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Floods and Water Hazards
Elements at Risk Everything in the flood plain. Earthen or soluble structures Buried services and utilities Food stores Crops and livestock Main Mitigation Strategies.
Land use control Engineering of strictures Elevation of structures Flood control structures Reforestation projects (watershed management)
Strong Winds
Elements at Risk
Lightweight structures. Elevated utilities (Power and communication lines) Fishing boats and other maritime industries.
Main Mitigation Strategies. Structural engineering measures. Planting of windbreaks.