Lesson 3
Readings in Philippines History
By: Divie Anne P. Barde and
Renilyn B. Camarillo
Agenda Style
Excerpt from the Boxer Codex
1 Unknown Author
Excerpt from Cronicas
2 By Juan Francisco de San Antonio
3 Coming of Islam
Side Story
4 The Arrival of Tuan Masha’ika, Rajah Baguinda,
and Abu Bakr in Jolo
Boxer Codex
Found by: Charles R. Boxer (1947).
Translated by: Carlos Quirino, Ma. Luisa Garcia,
and Mauro Garcia.
Currently in Indiana University [Lilly Library] of
United States of America.
Image 3.1
Customs, Ceremonial Usages,
Image 4.1
and Rites of the Bisayans
FOURTH CHAPTER
Pintados
Early Spanish chronicles described indigenous Visayans as such because they
"painted their bodies profusely with tattoos
Image 5.2
Image 5.1
Image 5.3
Women has very fine Almost all of the body Only the bravest
tattoos on their hands is painted including of Warriors have
their posteriors Facial Tattoos
Clothes
The Pintados barely uses cloth, with the tattoos in their body elegantly clothing them.
Image 6.1 Image 6.2 Image 6.3
Bahaque/Bahag Pezuelo Purones
Worn by Men Chemise with half/full sleeves Multi-colored head scarfs
Worn with multicolored blankets Some wore it like a Turkish tur-
The tattoos are made using iron
sewed to have two holes, and ban. Young men wear them with
and brass rods heated in fire.
fashioned into a dress. strips of Gold.
The Visayans/Bisaya of the late sixteenth century barely wore clothes
instead heavily embodied tattoos except under their bahag.
Image 7.2
Image 7.1 Image 7.3
They are instead heavily decorated in gold, either using it as fasteners
or small gold chains. The women sometimes wear garlands from flow-
ers.
References
Image links
Image 3.1 = [Link]
and-english-translation-of-early-exploration-accounts-of-ancient-east-and-southeast-asia-3/
Image 4.1 = [Link]
Image 5,1 = [Link]
Image 5.2 = [Link]
Image 5.3
= [Link]
image 6.1 = [Link]
Image 6.2 = [Link]
Image 6.3 = [Link]
Image 7. 1 = [Link]
Image 7.2 = [Link]
Image 7.3 = [Link]
Juan Franciso de San Antonio
Excerpt from Cronicas
Comprehensive study of the Filipinos, Chinese, and Japanese in the Philippines
during the early colonial period.
Image 9
Cronicas
Philippines Chronicles
Early colonial period
Wrote the cronicas in 1734-1744.
Early Filipino customs
Earned its place in Franciscan’s rich
contribution in the early Filipinos his-
tography.
Omens and Superstitious beliefs
Detailed discussion of Filipinos early
beliefs but has more details than his
predecessors.
Inside the book
Juan Francisco de San Antonio
Native Language, Physical
Features, Clothing and Or- Missionary of the Franciscan Or-
naments. der. Along with Juan de Plasencia
and Pedro de San Buenaventura.
Visayan Marriage Customs
Marriage Rituals, Ceremonies, and Dowry System.
Marriage Marriage Marriage Concubine Divorce
Large Dowries General Rule Possible
One man having It is also the norm
many wives is the for the wealthy The way to repu-
San Antonio men- A man will at least
norm. and chiefs of be- diate is returning
tioned this being have one legiti-
fore to have con- the dowry or if
the obstruction to mate wife who is
cubines. Spe- they had children
the gospel closely related or
cially if their wives will be given to
even their own
cannot bear a them. Then both
family except for
child parties can re-
first degree.
marry
Himaraw Panhimuyat
Paid to the mother of the bride as
Money given to the parents as re-
the price for rearing and educating
imbursement spent on the girl dur-
her daughter.
ing infancy.
Paninilbi Pansoso
Given to the Chichiva or nurse of
Bride Service or working for the the bride who had also took care of
bride’s family. her.
Though it is not the same in every village in other’s the act of giving dowry is closer
to selling their daughter’s for the right price.
Bigay-caya
Sohol. Bigay-kaya. Dowry
Given by the man to the girl’s family
Once the man settles all the requirements, he brings
his parents to meet the bride-to-be’s parents to haggle
and make final arrangements, Pamamalae/Pama-
manhikan/Pamumulungan.
The amount is set on the rank of the families, if the
family asks for more than the normal account then the
family ought to give gifts on the union, this is called
Pasanor.
Image 12 Couple of Gold Jew- Cleared
Slaves els Land
Sambon – “bribe” given to the girls relatives. (Zambals) Pinaca ama – people who consider themselves as the
girl’s family.
Marriage Ceremony
Wedding is officiated by an Old Priestess
The marriage Ceremony differs on the classes on both
parties.
However for nobles a go-between is employed by the
groom to go to the brides place and bring the her to his
house for the marriage ceremony.
Mixed Marriages happen between a couple belonged to a
different classes, per say a freeman and a dependent.
The Marriage Ceremony
The bride pretends to
01 be coy and bashful and 02 The father of the groom
refuse to ascend the will give a gift
stairs
The bride well then
03 obliged but once again
04 One more gift is given
refuse to sit down
05 She would refuse to 06 Another gift was given
drink and eat anything. to her
An old man will announce the ceremony to begin and the old priestess will join their
hands and with a shout throws uncooked rice to the guests.
Coming of Islam
The Islam arrived in southeast Asia around 700 to 1,000 CE through
Arab traders, Missionaries, and Sufi Wanderers.
Mystics known as Makhdum brought Islam to Malacca and Johore near
to what is known today as Modern Singapore.
Borneo to sulu and South Mindanao
After establishing in those places, they
moved and according to Tarsilas of the
Sulu, It was Sharif Awliya Karim al-
Makhdum who consolidated Islam.
Tuan Masha’ika
Introduced Islam. There were already
Islamized Persians, Gujaratis, and
Bengalis trading in Sulu
Rajah Baguinda
After the arrival of Makhdum.
Muslim Prince from Minangkabau.
Persuaded Jolo to accept him as their
leader with an armed fleet and married
a local princess, he continued
Makhdum’s work.
Juan Franciso de San Antonio
Excerpt from Cronicas
Comprehensive study of the Filipinos, Chinese, and Japanese in the Philippines
during the early colonial period.
Iran/Persia
Bengali
Gujara
Image 9
Sayyid Abu Bakr (1450)
Said to be the descendant of prophet
Mohammed. Married Paramisuli
(daughter of Baguinda). Established a
government patterned after the sul-
tanate of Arabia.
Sharif Mohammed Kabungsuan
(1475)
.
(Sharif ul-Hashim, son of Sharif Ali
Zainal Aladir) Pioneer of Islam in Cota-
bato and founder of settlement.
• Spread Islam to Mindanao.
• Introduced firearms in Mindanao.
• Ruled from Cotabato River Valley to
the interior of Mindanao.
• Founded combination of Religion
and Civil Authority.
• Had two predecessors, Sharif Awliya
and Sharif Maraja.
Muslim Missionaries Married women of Datu Class and are Inspira-
tions that helps natives with various activities.
1500 1571 191 EZ
Years The Islam practices
Destruction of the
were familiar to the Fil-
Muslim in Manila by Spread of Islam since
Manila had a Muslim ipinos so it was easy
the Spaniards, Mus- the Arrival of
Settlement. to accept them, they
lims retreated back to Makhdum.
were also not forced to
Mindanao and Sulu.
join the religion.
The Moros of sulu Pre-
The arrival of served an oral Tradition
predating the arrival of
Tuan Islam.
Masha’ika, Ra- Jolo was inhab-
ited by Main-
jah Baguinda, bunghanuns in
Maimbung and
and Abu Bakr Baklaynuns and
the Tagaimaba-
in Jolo. nuns.
Twan Massaik (Tuan
Masha’ik) was belevied to Vic Hurley
have sprung from a stem of Swish of the
bamboo. Begun to teach Ko- Kris (1936)
ran to the Moros.
Arrival of 3 Mus-
Samals (Johor) they were lim Missionar-
taken care of by the natives ies.
and named them Tagadiana.
• Kareenul Mahdoom (Karim ul-Makhdum) arrived in an Iron
tub and was named by the natives Twan Sharin Awalya
(Tuan Shariff Awliya)
• Awliya Raja Baguinda arrived some ten years later and the
Chiefs of Jolo tried to sink his boat. Rajah confronted them that
they were storm driven and wanted to visit Jolo. Built several
Mosques.
• Abu Bakr arrived from Palembang in Sumatra, upon arriving in
Borneo he met the people and referred to the Mosque in
Buwansa (Jolo).
• Made progress teaching the children but not the elders.
• Taught Koran and Write in Arabic, soon people who lives near
shore converted to Islam.
• Asked the people to pound rice and make rice cakes and cloth-
ing. Later marched inland to Payahan.
• Abu wanted to teach writing to the people in the interior of Jolo
but was refused as they didn’t want to change their customs of
their ancestors.
• Abu then threw rice cakes to them which the children ate, but
the elders thought it was poison and threw them to the dogs.
But they were fine, later they came to an understanding.
• They were soon converted to Islam, Pahayan means difficult to
teach.
• Abu was named sultan and Sarphul Hassim (Sharif ul-Hashim).
This is how Moros acquired title to Lands and passed It down.
Thank you