INTRODUCTION TO INVESTMENTS
Investment is the employment of funds on assets with
the aim of earning income or capital appreciation. What one does with his savings to make them increase over time is investment.
An investment is the current commitment of income for a period of time in order to derive future payments that will compensate the investor for : 1. The time the funds are committed, 2. The expected rate of inflation, and 3. The uncertainty of the future payments.
Investment in a general sense:
For a layman, Investment means some monetary commitment. Economic Investment: To the economist, investment is the net addition made to the nations capital stock that consists of goods and services that are used in the production process. Financial Investment It is the allocation of money to assets that are expected to yield some gain over a period of time.
RETURN
RISK
LIQUIDITY HEDGE AGAINST INFLATION
SAFETY
INVESTMENT ATTRIBUTES RETURN RISK LIQUIDITY TAX SHELTER
CONVENIENCE
Analysis
Valuation
Portfolio Construction
Portfolio Evaluation
-Investible Fund - Objectives -Knowledge
-Market -Industry -Company
-Intrinsic Value -Future Value
-Diversification -Selection and Allocation
-Appraisal -Revision
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT PROCCESS
SPECIFICATION OF INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS CHOICE OF ASSET MIX
FORMULATION OF PORTFOLIO STRATEGY SELECTION OF SECURITIES
PORTFOLIO EXECUTION
PORTFOLIO REVISION
PORTFOLIO EVALUATION
Liquidity
Time Horizon
Tax Concerns Legal and Regulatory Factors
Unique needs and preferences
Safety Temperament
An Individual
A Government
A Pension Fund A Corporation
Accumulation Phase : Early to middle years
Consolidation Phase : Past the midpoint of their
careers. Spending Phase : Retire Gifting Phase : Similar to Spending Phase
Net Worth Accumulation Phase a)Long term b)Short term Consolidation Phase a) Long term b) Short term
Spending Phase/ Gifting Phase a) Long term b) Short term
25
35
45
55
65
75
85
Age
Near term, high priority goals
Long term , high priority goals
Lower priority goals
INVESTMENT V/S SPECULATION/GAMBLING
BASIS
Planning Horizon
INVESTOR
Long
SPECULATOR
Short High High
GAMBLER
Short High Less
Risk Moderate Disposition Return Modest Expectation Basis For Decisions Leverage Fundamental No
Technical Entertainment High High
APPROACHES TO INVESTMENT
DECISION MAKING
Fundamental Approach
Psychological Approach
Academic Approach
Mp Iv
Random Walk Positive Link..Risk & Return
Eclectic Approach
QUALITIES FOR SUCCESSFUL
INVESTING Contrary Thinking Patience
Composure
Flexibility And Openness Decisiveness