GE: 4 Mathematics In The Modern

World

GROUP 2
 Mathematical Language and Symbols

• Language
is a systematic way of
communication with people use of
sounds of conventions symbols .
 Importance of Language
• Language was invented to communicate ideas to others.
• The language of mathematics was designed:
• Numbers - Number of bases is very important in algebra, because they are
solutions to many problems.
• Sets - The purpose of sets is to house a collection of related objects.
• Function - Functions are everywhere in mathematics and are necessary
for formulating dynamic relationships in the sciences. 
• Perform Operations – Its represent of Perform Operation is ( Multiplication,
Division, Addition, Subtraction)
Some Common Mathematical Symbols
• The basic Mathematical symbol use in math help us to work with
mathematical concept in theoretical manners. In simple words without
Symbol we cannot do math. The mathematical signs and Symbols are
considered as representative of the value. The basic Symbols in math are
use to express mathematical thoughts. The relationship between the sign
and the value refers to fundamental need of mathematics. With the help of
symbol, certain concepts and ideas are clearly explained. Here is a list of
commonly use mathematical Symbols with names and meaning.
Symbols commonly used in Mathematics
• 1. The ten digits: 0,1,2,…….9
• 2. Operation: +, - , x , ÷
• 3. Sets: ∩,
• 4. Variables: a, b , c , x and y
• 5. Special symbols: = , < , > , ≤ , ≥ ,
• 6. Logic Symbols: ~, ^ , v ,
• 7. Set Notations: N , W , Z , Q , R , C
Example of Common Mathematical Symbols

• ADDITION - The process of uniting two or more numbers into one some.
Represented by the Symbol (+) the result of adding.
• SUBTRACTION - Is an arithmetic operation that represents the operation of
removing objects from a collection subtraction is signified by the minus sign(-)
• MULTIPLICATION - The process of finding the number of quantity (product)
obtained by repeated additions of a specified number or quantity: symbolized(x)
• DIVISION - The state of being divided or separated cell the mathematical process
of finding out how many times one number is contained in another Symbol(÷)
 Variables
• Variables are things you measure, manipulate and control in statistics and
research. All studies analyze a variable, which can describe a person,
place, thing or idea. A variable's value can change between groups or over
time. For example, if the variable in an experiment is a person's eye color,
its value can change from brown to blue to green from person to person.
 Types of Variables
• 1. Independent variables - An independent variable is a singular characteristic that the other variables
in your experiment cannot change. Age is an example of an independent variable. Where someone lives,
what they eat, or how much they exercise are not going to change their age. Independent variables can,
however, change other variables. In studies, researchers often try to find out whether an independent
variable causes other variables to change and in what way.
• For example, the date of birth of a person
• 2. Dependent variables - A dependent variable relies on and can be changed by other components. A
grade on an exam is an example of a dependent variable because it depends on factors such as how
much sleep you got and how long you studied. Independent variables can influence dependent variables,
but dependent variables cannot influence independent variables. For example, the time you spent
studying (dependent) can affect the grade on your test (independent) but the grade on your test does not
affect the time you spent studying.
• For example of a dependent variable is depression symptoms, which depends on the
independent variable (type of therapy).
• 3. Intervening variables - An intervening variable, sometimes called a
mediator variable, is a theoretical variable the researcher uses to explain a cause
or connection between other study variables—usually dependent and
independent ones. They are associations instead of observations. For example, if
wealth is the independent variable, and a long life span is a dependent variable,
the researcher might hypothesize that access to quality healthcare is the
intervening variable that links wealth and life span.
• 4. Moderating variables - A moderating or moderator variable changes the
relationship between dependent and independent variables by strengthening or
weakening the intervening variable's effect. For example, in a study looking at
the relationship between economic status (independent variable) and how
frequently people get physical exams from a doctor (dependent variable), age is
a moderating variable. That relationship might be weaker in younger individuals
and stronger in older individuals.
• 5. Control variables - Control or controlling variables are characteristics that are
constant and do not change during a study. They have no effect on other variables.
Researchers might intentionally keep a control variable the same throughout an
experiment to prevent bias. For example, in an experiment about plant development,
control variables might include the amounts of fertilizer and water each plant gets.
These amounts are always the same so that they do not affect the plants' growth
• 6. Extraneous variables - Extraneous variables are factors that affect the dependent
variable but that the researcher did not originally consider when designing the
experiment. These unwanted variables can unintentionally change a study's results or
how a researcher interprets those results. Take, for example, a study assessing
whether private tutoring or online courses are more effective at improving students'
Spanish test scores. Extraneous variables that might unintentionally influence the
outcome include parental support, prior knowledge of a foreign language or
socioeconomic status
• 7. Quantitative variables - Quantitative variables are any data sets that involve
numbers or amounts. Examples might include height, distance or number of items.
Researchers can further categorize quantitative variables into two types: Discrete:
Any numerical variables you can realistically count, such as the coins in your
wallet or the money in your savings account. Continuous: Numerical variables that
you could never finish counting, such as time.
• 8. Qualitative variables - Qualitative, or categorical, variables are non-numerical
values or groupings. Examples might include eye or hair color. Researchers can
further categorize qualitative variables into three types: Binary: Variables with only
two categories, such as male or female, red or blue. Nominal: Variables you can
organize in more than two categories that do not follow a particular order. Take, for
example, housing types: Single-family home, condominium, tiny home. Ordinal:
Variables you can organize in more than two categories that follow a particular
order. Take, for example, level of satisfaction: Unsatisfied, neutral, satisfied.
• 9. Confounding variables - A confounding variable is one you did not
account for that can disguise another variable's effects. Confounding
variables can invalidate your experiment results by making them biased or
suggesting a relationship between variables exists when it does not. For
example, if you are studying the relationship between exercise level
(independent variable) and body mass index (dependent variable) but do
not consider age's effect on these factors, it becomes a confounding
variable that changes your results.
• 10. Composite variables - A composite variable is two or more variables
combined to make a more complex variable. Overall health is an example
of a composite variable if you use other variables, such as weight, blood
pressure and chronic pain, to determine overall health in your experiment.
 Some Important Kinds of Mathematical
Statement
• Mathematical Statement is a sentence which is either true or [Link] may
contain words and symbols.
Two parts of Mathematical Statement
1.)Hypothesis or assumptions
2.) Conclusion
MATH may not teach us
how to ADD love or
SUBTRACT hate but it
gives us hope that
EVERY PROBLEM has a
SOLUTION. Thank you!!