ACTIVITY
An anagram is a type of word play, the result of
rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to
produce a new word or phrase using the original
letters exactly once. For example, the word heir is an
anagram of the word hire.
Find anagrams of the following words:
KEEN CAFE
KNEE FACE
INCH
CHIN
SINK LAMP
SKIN PALM
FRINGE EARTH
FINGER HEART
IMPART
ARMPIT
SARE YEES
EARS EYES
PERMUTATION AND
COMBINATION
OBJECTIVES:
• DIFFERENTIATE PERMUTATION AND
COMBINATION
• SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
PERMUTATION VS. COMBINATION
Consider the two situations below.
1. A group has to select a moderator and a
secretary from 5 members in a group. How
many set of group leaders are possible?
2. A group has to select two leaders from the 5
members in the group. How many sets of
group leaders are possible?
PERMUTATION VS. COMBINATION
• How are the two situations similar?
• How are they different?
The two examples are similar, but their
answers are different.
Why it is so?
PERMUTATION VS. COMBINATION
Let be the group members denoted as A, B, C,
D, and E.
In situation #1, moderator and secretary are
considered different and their order
matters, then the number of set of group
leaders possible is 20.
AB, BA, BC, CB, CD, DC, DE, ED, AC, CA,
BD, DB, CE, EC, AD, DA, BE, EB, AE, EA
PERMUTATION VS. COMBINATION
Let be the group members denoted as A, B, C,
D, and E.
In situation #2, it is not particular as to who
is the moderator and who is the secretary.
This means that order doesn’t matter. AB
and BA are considered to be the same. So
the number of set of group leaders is 10.
AB, BC, CD, DE, AC, BD, CE, AD, BE,
AE,
PERMUTATION VS. COMBINATION
Each situation in the previous activity
represents a counting technique:
PERMUTATION and COMBINATION.
• Situation#1 represents PERMUTATION
because order matters.
• Situation#2 represents COMBINATION
because order doesn’t matter.
PERMUTATION
The number of permutations of a set of n
objects taken r at a time is denoted byn Pr is
given by:
n!
P
n r= (n – r) !
PERMUTATION
Example#1:
In how many ways can six books be arranged
on a shelf? 6!
Solution:
n! P
6 6=
P
n r = (n – r) ! 0!
= 6x5x4x3x2x1
6!
P
6 6 = (6 – = 720
PERMUTATION
Example#2: A class is to select a president, vice-
president, a secretary and a treasurer from a group of 7
members. How many arrangements of class officers are
possible? Solution: 7!
n! P
7 4=
P
n r = (n – r) ! 3!
P 5040
7 4=
7! 6
7 P4 =
(7 – 4) ! = 840
PERMUTATION WITH IDENTICAL OBJECTS
Example#3: The covered walk of SBCA is to be lined
with flags. How many different arrangements are there of
the 10 flags, if 5 flags are blue, 3 are red and 2 are white?
Solution:
10! 10 x 9 x 8 x 7x 6 x 5!
=
5! 3! 2! 5! 3! 2!
10 x 9 x 8 x 7x 6
=
12 = 2520
PERMUTATION WITH IDENTICAL OBJECTS
Example#4: How many different 9 letters word (real or
imaginary) can be formed from the letters of the word
COMMITTEE? The word is compose of 2M’s, 2T’s, and
Solution: 2E’s, 1C, 1O and 1I.
9! 362 880
=
1! 1! 2! 1! 2! 2! 8
= 45 360
CIRCULAR PERMUTATION
The number of circular
permutations of n objects is
(n – 1)!
CIRCULAR PERMUTATION
Example#5: Find the number of circular
permutations of seven dancers.
Solution:
(n – 1)! = (7 – 1)!
= 6!
=6x5x4x3x2x1
= 720
COMPLEX PERMUTATION
Example#5 Andrew has 9 distinct
mathematics books and 5 distinct science
books. I f the shelf space can only be occupied
by 7 books, in how many ways can the books
be arranged if the first four must be
mathematics books and the remaining three
be science books?
COMPLEX PERMUTATION
Example#6 A car dealer received a shipment
of 5 new red cars and 4 blue cars of different
models. There is only 4 space for cars in the
delivery truck. If the 1st 2 positions are to be
filled with red cars and the remaining 2
positions be filled by the blue cars, in how
many ways can this be done?
COMBINATION
n!
C
n r = r!(n – r)
COMBINATION
Example#1:
How many combinations can be made from H,
O, P, E if the letters are taken two at a time?
Solution: 4!
n!
C
n r = r!(n – r) C
4 2 = 2! 2!
!
4! 24
C = = 6
4 2 = 2!(4 – 2) 4
COMBINATION
Example#2:
How many different committees of 4 people
can be formed from a pool of 7 people?
Solution: 7!
n!
C
n r r!(n – r)
= 7C4 =
4! 3!
! 7! 5040
C
7 4 = 4!(7 – 4) ! = = 35
144
COMBINATION
Example#3: In how many ways can a team
consisting of 2 boys and 3 girls be formed if 6 boys
and 10 girls be qualified to be in a team?
Solution:
C
n!
n r = r!(n – r) =
C
6 2 . C
10 3
6!
2! 4!
.
!10!
3! 7!
= 15 120 =1 800
Now, it’s your
turn!
1. How many ways can 7 people be lined up?
2. How many distinct permutations can be formed rom all
the letters of the word PARALLEL?
3. In how many ways can a group of 8 persons be arrange
themselves around a circular table?
4. A box contains 6 red balls and 4 blue balls. Three balls are
drawn at random. In how many ways can be the 3 balls be
drawn from 10 balls if two are red and one is blue?
4. A box contains 6 red balls and 4 blue balls. Three balls are
drawn at random. In how many ways can be the 3 balls be
drawn from 10 balls
a. If the color is not considered?
b. If 2 balls are blue and one is red?
c. If all 3 are red?
d. If all 3 are blue?
5. A math teacher requires each student to solve 5 out 15
problems. Of the 15 problems, 3 are in Statistics, 7 are in
Algebra, and 5 are in Geometry. In how many ways can a
student select each of the following:
a. 5 algebra problems?
b. 5 Statistics or Geometry problems?
c. 3 Statistics and 2 Geometry problems?
d. 5 Geometry problems?
6. A committee of 3 members is to be formed from
6 women and 5 men. The committee must include
at least 2 women. In how may ways can this be
done?