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Diffraction Patterns and Analysis

Diffraction is the bending of waves around the edges of obstacles or through openings into regions they could not directly reach. The key points are: 1) Diffraction effects are greater for long wavelength waves and smaller openings. 2) Passing light through a narrow slit or opening produces a diffraction pattern of bright and dark stripes on a screen due to the interference of light waves. 3) Analysis of diffraction patterns can be used to determine properties like the wavelength of light or number of slits in a diffraction grating based on the spacing of interference maxima.

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Šimon Truchlik
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11 views23 pages

Diffraction Patterns and Analysis

Diffraction is the bending of waves around the edges of obstacles or through openings into regions they could not directly reach. The key points are: 1) Diffraction effects are greater for long wavelength waves and smaller openings. 2) Passing light through a narrow slit or opening produces a diffraction pattern of bright and dark stripes on a screen due to the interference of light waves. 3) Analysis of diffraction patterns can be used to determine properties like the wavelength of light or number of slits in a diffraction grating based on the spacing of interference maxima.

Uploaded by

Šimon Truchlik
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Diffraction

PaedDr. Jozef Beňuška


jbenuska@[Link]
-when waves impinge on an obstacle and the wave
fronts are partially interrupted than Huygen´s principle
predicts that waves bend in behind an obstacle into
the shadow region = Diffraction
A wave bending round the edge of a
barrier
They show that:
• (a) the diffraction effects are greater for
long wavelength waves
• (b) the diffraction effects are greater for
small holes
• (c) If the wavelength of the waves is shorter
the spreading, diffraction, effect is much
smaller as well
Fresnel´s wave theory
Diffraction pattern formed by light passing
through a narrow slit
Narower
slit
Monochromatic
filter

Converging lens

Source of light Narrow slit screen


Diffraction

ohybová
štrbina

If the width of the narrow split is less than 0.1 mm than


We can see diffraction pattern – bright and dark stripes
Diffraction of light through a narrow slit
Diffraction of light passes through
a circle

Bending circle
slit
Diffraction of light
Diffraction of light through grating

Optical grating

Optical grating – a system of a large number of parallel


grooves or slits.
Grating constant b –distance between two closest slits
Analysis of diffraction pattern
Slit Concave lens screen

Constructive interference – they are in phase –


create central bright spot on the screen
Analysis of diffraction pattern
Slit Concave lens screen

d – path difference of rays moving at an angle  –


out of phase with one another – destructively interfere –
They overlap at the screen
Analysis of diffraction pattern
slit Concave lens screen

BC
sin  
A AC

 BC  AC sin 
b
C
B
d d  b sin 
Analysis of diffraction pattern
slit Concave lens screen


b

d

Constructive interference b sin  2k
2
Destructive interference b sin  2k  1 
2
Rád interferenčného maxima

b sin  2k
2

k2 interferenčné maximum 2. rádu


k 1 interferenčné maximum 1. rádu

k 0 interferenčné maximum 0. rádu

k 1 interferenčné maximum 1. rádu

k2 interferenčné maximum 2. rádu

k - rád interferenčného maxima


Vysvetlite, čo je na obrázku.
Riešte úlohu:

Pri pokuse s optickou mriežkou, ktorá je osvetlená


sodíkovým svetlom (=589,3 nm), vzniklo na
premietacej stene postavenej vo vzdialenosti 2 m od
mriežky maximum 1. rádu vo vzdialenosti 66 cm od
maxima nultého rádu.
Určte počet štrbín mriežky na dĺžke 1 mm.

asi 530 mm-1


Test

Ohyb vlnenia je jav, ktorý nastane vtedy, ak:


a) rozmery prekážok sú oveľa menšie ako vlnová
dĺžka vlnenia,
b) rozmery prekážok sú oveľa väčšie ako vlnová
dĺžka vlnenia,
c) rozmery prekážok sú porovnateľné s vlnovou
dĺžkou vlnenia,
d) rozmery prekážok nie sú voľným okom pozorova-
teľné.

1
Test

Ohybový obrazec svetla je charakteristický:


a) zmenou frekvencie svetleného žiarenia,
b) červeno-zeleným sfarbením,
c) striedaním maxím a miním svetla,
d) svojou intenzitou.

2
Test

Pred dráhový rozdiel interferujúcich lúčov na štrbine


šírky b platí:

a) d  b sin  b) d  b cos 

 
c) d  k sin  d) d  (2k  1)
2 2

3
Test

Mriežková konštanta b=0,01mm znamená, že mriežka


má na 1 mm:
a) 100 vrypov,
b) 10 vrypov,
c) 1 000 vrypov,
d) 1 vryp.

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