Objectives

• EN10WC-IIh-13. Compose an argumentative essay

• EN10WC-IIIb-14.1.2. Use a variety of informative,
persuasive, and argumentative writing techniques
• identify the parts of an argumentative essay
• identify the steps in writing argumentative essays
• show concern about latest issues concerning education
• draft an argumentative essay
Inarguably
The Best
An Introduction
to Argumentative Writing
 - a reasoned, logical way

argument of demonstrating that

the writer’s position, belief,
or conclusion is valid
What is the difference between
argumentative essay and
persuasive essay?
 Argumentative Essay Persuasive Essay
- makes claims based on -may make claims
based on
factual evidence opinion

- makes counter-claims, author - may NOT take opposing

takes opposing views into ideas into account
account, neutralizes or “defeat”
serious opposing ideas
 Argumentative Essay Persuasive Essay
- convinces audience through merit, - persuades by appealing to
reasonableness of claims, proofs audience’s emotion or by relying
offered on character/credentials of writer
– less on merits of his reasons,
evidence

“Let us attack Troy to rescue

Helen”

“Beyond that shore is immortality,

let us attack Troy”
 Argumentative Essay Persuasive Essay
- convinces audience through merit, - persuades by appealing to
reasonableness of claims, proofs audience’s emotion or by relying
offered on character/credentials of writer
– less on merits of his reasons,
evidence

- often compares texts/ideas to

establish position

- logic-based -emotion-based
What is the difference between
argumentative essay and
informative essay?
 Argumentative Essay Informative Essay
- convinces audience through merit, - Educates readers on a
reasonableness of claims, proofs particular topic.
offered - It does not present an opinion
but convey factual information
including personal/other’s
experiences
- often compares texts/ideas to - It is also called an expository
establish position essay

- logic-based -fact-based
 Argumentative Essay Informative Essay
- Russian invasion of Ukrain is - Russian Warfare
justfied

- Persuasive Essay

-”We have been left with no other option but to launch a special military
operation” Putin
 Basic Structure of an Argumentative Essay
________________________________
(Topic)
I. Introduction (Thesis statement)
II. Body
A. (Argument 1 and explanation)
B. (Argument 2 and explanation)
C. (Argument 3/Rebuttal and explanation)
III. Conclusion (Quote/Question/Strong statement)
How do I write an effective
argumentative essay?
Steps in Writing an Argumentative Essay
[Link] a controversial
topic that interests you.
Steps in Writing an Argumentative Essay
2. Research on the topic –
facts, stats, people involved
Steps in Writing an Argumentative Essay
3. Take a side.
Write a thesis
statement.
Controversial topic now in the world
• Russia-Ukraine War

• Russian invasion of Ukraine is justified.

• Russian invasion of Ukraine is not justified.
Key Terms for Argumentation
• Claim – basic belief about a topic, issue, event, or idea
• Counterclaim – solid, reasonable argument opposing/
disagreeing with claim
• Rebuttal –response to a counterclaim
• Support – specific facts, evidence used to prove why your claim is
true
• Refute – to argue against a position or prove it to be wrong
• Qualify – a “partly-agree” stance in which you agree (in part) with
another person’s argument or position but also disagree with part
of it
Key Terms for Argumentation

• Claim – basic belief about a topic, issue, event, or idea

Types of Claims
1. Claim of fact
Is an assertion of a condition that exists, will exist, or has existed. It is supported by verifiable facts
or data such as statistics or testimonies: hence there is a potential for controversy, conflict or conversion.
Claims of fact must be specific as to time, place, people involved, and solutions.
To qualify claims of fact, the following markers are used: generally, usually, probably, as a rule.
Example:
2. Signs and symptoms of a medical emergency:
As a rule, drooping of the face, weakness of the arm, and difficulty of speech signal a stroke.
2. Analysis and interpretation of an investigation.
Generally, excessive use of gadgets has caused the steady decline in the study habits of children and
teenagers.
Key Terms for Argumentation

• Claim – basic belief about a topic, issue, event, or idea

Types of Claims
2. Claim of Policy
Is an assertion that specific plans or courses of action should be instituted as solutions to problems.
It is often procedural and /or organized, the following markers are used: should, ought to, must, or use
strong verbs.
Example:
1. For individuals showing signals of stroke:
You should bring the patient to the hospital right away when you observe signals of a stroke.
2. For excessive use of gadgets:
Parents must set schedule for gadget use.
Key Terms for Argumentation

• Claim – basic belief about a topic, issue, event, or idea

Types of Claims
3. Claim of Value
Usually, people disagree about beauty or morality. A claim of value is an attempt to prove the
desirability or undesirability of something, or if something is good, bad, or wrong. It expresses approval or
disapproval. Claims of value also involve taste (or preference) in art, literature, music, film, food, etc.
T he following markers are used: better than, best, greatest way, etc.
Example:
1. Natural gas is our best is our best energy source.
2. Troy is the greatest movie of all time.
Steps in Writing an Argumentative Essay
4. Plan. (If you fail to plan,
then you plan to fail)
Steps in Writing an Argumentative Essay
Russia is justified to use force
5. against Ukraine.

Russia is not justified to invade

Ukraine.
Steps in Writing an Argumentative Essay
6. Choose 2 ideas to
support your stand.
7. Refute the strongest
argument of the
opposing side.
 Steps in Writing an Argumentative Essay
8. End with a strong
statement or call to action.
The invasion of Russia is a clear manifestation
of protecting their territorials claims.

The invasion of Russia is clearly a violation of territorial integrity of another

state.
Qualities of a Winner Argumentative Essay
• clear
• concise
• logical
• attention grabber
• persuasive
Tips- 3Bs and 3Ds
Be Don’t
sincere
be too
brief direct serious preach include
to the gossips,
point heresay
“To gain your own voice, you have to
forget about having it heard.”
—Allen Ginsberg, WD
 Criteria What’s Being Looked At Errors
Content • IF YOU WERE REALLY THE ONE WHO
WROTE IT
• grabber
• background of the issue
• clear statement of the claim
• two arguments (clearly stated and
discussed in paragraphs
• rebuttal of a counterclaim
• conclusion/closing
• soundness of arguments
 Criteria What’s Being Looked At Errors
•
Organization • HANDWRITING
separation of grabber, intro, arguments,
rebuttal, closing in paragraphs
• clear expression, statement of what you
want to say
• consistency in POV
Mechanics • grammar
• capitalization
• punctuation
• spelling

• persuasiveness
• appeal to the readers
Style