DEVELOPER INSTRUCTION
GUIDE
(VIDEO DEVELOPMENT)
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
Function of Gland Seals
Air ingress from Leakage of steam from
the atmosphere turbine cylinder
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Gland Steam System
2
1
Casing
Clearance Casing
Rotor
3
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Gland Seals
Gland Seal Gland Seal Gland
(GEN SIDE) (GOV SIDE)
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Thermal Comfort
Thermal comfort is vital for
productivity as well as health and well-
being
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Conditions to be Satisfied by Pipe Network
R
A C
𝑚
˙ 𝑚
˙
Continuity equation E
O P
B D
S
Algebraic sum of total static pressure drop = 0
R R
Hardy-cross Method
HCM
1
∆ P=0 ∆ P=0 P
O
4 Iterations 2
S S
+ + =0 + + 3
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Physiological aspect
Thermoregulation system
Changing blood
Sweating Shivering
flow
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from
Gland Seals turbine
cylinder
1
Air Ingress from
atmosphere
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Gland Seals
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
Gland Seals
Gland Seal Gland Seal Gland
(GEN SIDE) (GOV SIDE)
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
Main Valves and Steam Path
Governing
valves (rh) Reheat stop
Interceptor valve (rh)
valve (rh)
Main stop
Reheat steam from
valve (rh)
reheater
Main steam from
superheater
Governing
valves (lh)
Main stop Reheat stop
valve (lh) valve (lh)
Main steam from Reheat steam from
superheater
reheater
Interceptor
valve (rh)
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Types of High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Valves
High-Pressure Valves Low-Pressure Valves
Main steam stop valve Reheat Stop Valve
Governing Valves Interceptor Valve
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One shell, Single pressure, One pass and Non-divided type
Cooling water is passed only one time
Plant has only one condenser called single pressure and
single shell condenser
Only one water box is used at the inlet and only one water
box is used at the outlet to be non divided type of condenser
Used in Very small power plants
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
knowledge check
Function of Gland seals is
A) To maintain a minimum clearance between stationary and rotary parts, to avoid friction
B) To prevent air ingression into the turbine cylinder from the atmosphere
C) To prevent the steam leak from turbine to atmosphere
D) All of the above
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
DEVELOPER INSTRUCTION
GUIDE
(SME VIDEO DEVELOPMENT)
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
5- Conditions to be Satisfied by Pipe Network
hTA R
A C
˙
𝑄 hO ˙
𝑄
hTE E
O P
B D
hTB S
hTA
hTA + hTE + hTB = 0 ?
Total head at the end of the loop = Initial total head loop
Head loss A + Head loss B + Head loss E
hTC + hTE + hTD = 0
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
Two-phase Flow Through 90o Bends
Fitzsimmon’s experiment:
( 𝑃1 − 𝑃 2 )𝑇𝑃 𝐶 1
=1+ + 2
R ( 𝑃 1 − 𝑃 2 ) 𝑓𝑜 𝑋 𝑋
𝐶= [ 𝜆+ ( 𝐶 2 − 𝜆 )( 𝑣 𝑓𝑔 /𝑣 𝑔 )
0.5
] [( 𝑣 𝑔
0.5 0.5
/𝑣 𝑓 ) + ( 𝑣 𝑓 /𝑣 𝑔 ) ]
𝐶 2= 𝑓 ( )
𝑅
𝐷
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use
Overall Plant Layout – 3D model for Wet FGD (Jet Bubbling Reactor)
Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use