English Language

Teaching
Methodology
[Link] translation method.
[Link] method
[Link] lingual method
[Link] language learning
method
[Link] physical response method
(T.P.R.M)
[Link] teaching approach
What is a method?
• It is considered as the practical realization of an
approach .
• It is understood as a group of procedures, a system
that clearly explains how to teach a language.
• It is based on a scientific approach.

• Teaching methods are a sets off moments and

techniques logically coordinated to direct the
student towords certain and goals, objectives and
outcomes.
 Grammar translation method
• A traditional technique of foreign language teaching based on explicit instruction in the
grammatical analysis of the target language and translation of sentences from the native
language into the target language and vice versa.
• This is helpful for mental exercise. It was called the “classical method” . G.T.M is teacher
centered system and takes vocabulary from reading text the teachers teach through
translation, memorization and dictionary study . It focuses on the accuracy of grammar
and translation .
The principles related to G.T.M.
[Link] rules are presented and studied explicitly.
[Link] primary skills to be developed are reading and writing.
[Link] any attention is paid to listening and speaking .
[Link] language is used as the medium of instruction.
Advantages
• It is an easy method.
• It helps in building vocabulary.
• It saves teacher’s labor.
• Comprehension is easily tested.
• Grammar is easily taught.
 Disadvantages
• It is an is an unnatural method.
• It neglects speech.
• It neglects pattern practice.
• It ignores habit formation.
• Exact translation is not possible.
Lesson plan
• Date :- 28/03/2023
• Grade :- 03
• Time duration :- 40 minutes
• Competency :- Can understand information related to the immediate
enviorament and familiar topics in simple reading text with
simple sentences not exceeding five word .
• Competency level :- Recognizes and understands words related to immediate
environment correctly.
• Lesson :- My family
• Activity :- Learning vocabulary related to family.
• Specific learning outcomes :- At the end of the lesson students will be able to,
Cognitive :- match pictures with words related to family members and construct
sentences.
Psychomotor :- cut and paste the pictures and the labels precisely.
Affective :- inculeate the attitude to keep whatever thrash created by them.
• Set induction :- Let the students to use text book and introduce the family members.
• Presentation :- Teacher gives vocabulary and it gives the meaning of difficult words in
mother tongue.
• Practice :- Teacher asks the students to cut , paste and labels family members and their
words correct.
• Production :- Teacher asks to construct different names in family.
• Assessment :- Teacher checks all written work.
• Extended activity :- Teacher asks to write the names of family members at home.
• Teaching learning aids :- Text book
• Reflection:
 Direct method
• Direct method is a language teaching method to create a direct connection between
experience and expression through representation and dramatization of the meaning of the
target language without translating the words or sentences in to the mother tongue.
• This method intends for students to learn how to communicate in the target language. The
direct method, It’ s sometimes called the Natural method.
• It was established in Germany and France around 1900. One of its main proponents was the
german Maximilian Berlitz.
• Direct methid is also known as :
Natural method
Phonetical method
Anti – Grammatical method
Reform method
The main principles of the direct method
• Classroom instructions are conducted exclusively in the target language.
• Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught during the intial phasei, grammar,
reading and writing are introduced in intermediate phase.
• Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects and pictures, abstract
vocabulary is taught by association of ideas.
• Both speech and listening comprehensions are taught.
• Correct pronounciation and grammar are emphasized.
• Student should be speaking at least 89% of the time during the lesson.
Techniques of teaching direct method
1. Questions and answers execise
2. Dictations
3. Reading aloud
4. Map drawing
5. Paragraph writing
6. Self - correction
Advantages of direct method
7. Students are encourage and motivated to use direct method.
8. Its emphasis on speech made it more attractive for those who have needs of real
communication in the target language.
9. It make learning process interesting and fun because direct method encourage using.
10. Students are able to understand what they learn.
Disadvantages of direct method

1. Lack of teachers that interested in using direct method.

2. Direct method ignores written work and reading activities and sufficient attention is not paid to reading
and writing skills.
3. In large class, direct method is not properly applied.
4. Direct method is not suitable for public school because it is costly.
Lesson plan
• Date :- 29/03/2023
• Grade :- 03
• Time duration :- 40 minuts
• Competency :- can understand basic information related to the immediate environment and familiar
topics in simple reading text with simple sentences not exceeding 5 words.
• Competency level :- Read and understands sentences with 4- 5 words.
• Lesson :- Good habits
• Activity ;- Learning vocabulary related to good habits.
• Specific learning outcomes :- At the end of the lesson students will be able to,
Cognitive :- Read and understand sentences with 4- 5 words.
Psychomotor :- Identify good habits and bad habits separately and implimented.
Affective :- Inculeate the attitude to follow good habits for their lives.
• Set induction :- Introduce good habits and how to get them for our lives in
video clip.
• Presentation :- Teacher gives new vocabulary and asks the questions.
• Practice :- Teacher gives 10 good habits for the students to read and
understand.
• Production :- Teacher asks the dictations in new vocabulary.
• Assessment :- Teacher asks to construct to build 10 sentences using the good
habits.
• Extended activity :- Activities of work book will be completed by the students
at home.
• Teaching learning aids :- Mobile phone
Text book
• Reflection :-
 Audio lingual method
• The Audio lingual method is a method of foreign language teaching which emphasizes the teaching
of listening and speaking before reading and writing
Charactoristics of A.L.M.
- Oral approach
- Usage of dialogues.
- Focus is on pronunciation.
- Audio visual aids are used.
- Mother tongue is discouraged.
Techniques of A.L.M.
1. Repitition drill.
2. Substitution drill.
3. Dialog memorisation or Miming.
4. Question and answer drill.
5. Chain dril.
6. Transformation drill
7. Expansion drill
8. Close combination drill.
9. Use of minimal pairs
10. Completion.
Advantages of A.L.M.
• It is the best approach for beginner level foreign language classes.
• It helps to train student’s accurate pronunciation.
• Teaching is possible to a large group of learners.
• It aims at developing listening and speaking skills.
• It paved the way for the development of communicative language skills.
Disadvantages of A.L.M.
• This is a teacher centered method.
• Imitation inflection turn students into parrots.
• Very little attention is paid for communication.
• Boring, dull and uninspiring.
 Lesson plan
• Date :- 30/03/2023
• Grade :- 03
• Time duration :- 40 minutes
• Competency :- Can use very basic expressions to start, maintain and end a simple
conversation
• Competency level :- Starts a conversation related to day today situations using appropriate
language expressions.
• Lesson :- At the bookshop
• Activity :- Learning conversation related to how do we buy something .
• Specific learning outcomes :- At the end of the lesson students will be able to,
Cognitive :- Practice a conversation related to day to day situations and understand
question form.
Psychomotor :- Present the dialog using question form in pairs .
Affective :- Develop personality and improve their speaking skills.
• Set induction :- Let the students to watch a video on how do people buy something in shop.
• Presentation :- Teacher take a book and teacher presents the dialog .
Teacher drills the vocabulary.
• Practice :- Group the students and practice conversation in pairs.
• Production :- Present the dialog conversation in pairs.
• Assessment :- Teacher checks all pronunciations and gives feedback
where necessary.
• Extended activity :- Teacher asks to build up new conversation
between vegetable seller and you.
• Teaching learning aids :- Laptop
• Text book
Teacher’s guid
• Reflection :-
 Communicative language learning method
• The communicative approach is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes
interaction as both the means and the ultmate goal of study.
• It is based on the idea that learning language successfully comes through having to
communicate real meaning .
Features of CLT
• Aims to make learners to attain more communicative competence in the target language.
• Focuses on language as a medium of communication.
• Student centered .
• Emphasize on pair work and group work.
• Use of visual aids, songs and games.
Advantages of CLT
• Interaction between the students and teachers is high.
• Enhances student’s interests.
• Learn the subject with pleasure as it encourages students to participate in simulated
scenarios which make the students more close to life.
Disadvantages of CLT
• No text, no grammar rules are presented.
• Students are primarily engaged with each other less with the teacher.
• Correction of errors may be absent.
• Students with low level of proficiency may find it difficult.
The role of the teacher
• Facilitator in the teaching learning process.
• Setting the communicative context of the lesson.
• Managing learners and creating opportunities for comminication.
• Maintaining learner motivation.
• Giving instructions and setting activities
The role of the students
• More student – student interaction.
• Maximize learners opportunities to speak.
• Student centered teaching learning process.
• Students gain real experience with fun.
• Students involve in different tasks and taking part in work, group work, role play and
discussion inside class rooms.
 Lesson plan
• Date :- 31/03/2023
• Grade:- 03
• Time duration :- 40 minuts
• Competency :- Can use very basic expressions to start, maintain and end a simple
conversation
• Competency level :- Maintain a conversion related to day today situations using
appropriate language expressions confidently.
• Lesson :- My self
• Activity :- Learning conversation related to myself.
• Specific learning outcomes :- At the end of the lesson students will be able to,
Cognitive :- Construct sentences and practice conversational language correctly.
Psychomotor :- Present the role play using questions and answers in pairs.
Affective :- Develop personality and improve their spoken language.
• Set induction :- Let the students to watch a video on conversation about myself.
• Presentation :- Teacher explain day today situation using quations and answers.
• Practice :- Group the students and prepare a conversation.
• Production :- Present the dialog conversation in pairs.
• Assessment :- Teacher checks all pronunciations and gives feedback where
necessary.
• Extended activity :- Teacher asks to build up new questions and answers.
• Teaching learning aids :- Mobile phone
Text book
• Reflection :-
 Total physical response method
(T.P.R.)
• Total physical response is based on the coordination of language and physical
movement.
Characteristics of TPR
• The coordination of speech and action.
• Learning language by body movements.
• Students should be more active and talkative.
• Students can understand the target language clearly.
• Development of language proficiency.
• The teacher and students are the actors.
Advantages
• Create positive mind.
• Fun, easy and memorable method.
• Good tool for building up vocabulary.
• It can be used in both large or small classes.
• Listening helps the students to get ready to speak.
 Disadvantages
• Students are not generally given the opportunity to express their own thoughts in a creative
way.
• It can be a challenge for shy students.
• It doesn’t have flaws.
• It tends to neglect descriptions and conversation forms of language.
Activities
• Group songs
• Storytelling session
• Have drama session
• Mime role play
• Simon says
• Treasure Hunt with a twist.
• Charades
lesson plan
• Date :- 01/04/2023
• Grade :- 04
• Time :- 40 minutes
• Competency :- Can understand basic information related to vocabulary
• Competency level :- Recognizes and understands words related to immediate envirament
correctly.
• Lesson :- Playing games
• Activity :- Learning vocabulary related to physical movements.
• Specific learning outcomes:- At the end of the lesson students will be able to,
Cognitive :- Recognizes verbs with action
Psychomotor :- When the verb is named, it shows the action
Affective :- They tend to do group activities together
• Set induction :- Let the students to use body movements and telling story.
• Presentation :- The teacher says and acts out the verb.
Teacher asks the question “What are the action verb?”
• Practice :- Group the students and do the simon says using action verb.
• Production :- Teacher asks to construct to build 10 sentences using the action verb.
• Assessment :- Asking some questions regarding the lesson by showing actions.
• Extended activity :- Activities of work book will be completed by the students at home.
• Teaching learning aids :- Texat book.
• Reflection :-
 Eclectic teaching approach
• Eclectic approach is a methodology that makes use of the varied language learning
approaches instead of confine to one approach.
• It is based on several different method.
Importance of eclectic approach
• This approach is broad and may include every kind of learning activity and saves learner
from monotony. It is more appropriate for pre school learning but not less beneficial in
the classrooms.
Eclectic methods or approches
• Grammar translation method
• Direct method
• Sructural situational approach
• Audio lingual method
• Bilingual method
• Communicative language teaching
• Total physical response
• The silent way.
Principles of E.T.A.
• It gives a chance to teachers to select different teaching techniques in each period to reach
aims of the lesson.
• Different kinds of audio visual and teaching aids lead to better understanding.
• It saves a lot of time in presenting language activities.
• Language teaching should be appropriate to the scientific field of the student.
• Language teaching should be vital.
• Students should be provided with a language learning request.
Advantages
1. Learners become attentive and respond.
2. It offers multiple opportunities to develop their own skills.
3. It makes learning lively and enjoyable.
4. It breaks monotony.
Disadvantages
5. It is difficult to idintyfy relative contribution of each approach.
6. There are practical difficulties in investigating the intergration of the approaches.
7. Only a teacher with a good knowledge of teaching methods can use eclectic method
efficiently.
 Lesson plan
• Date :- 01/04/2023
• Gread :- 04
• Time duration :- 40 minutes
• Competency :- Can understand ver basic information related to sentences and vocabulary
• Competency level :- Recognizes this – that vocabulary with sentences.
• Lesson :- Let’ s go shopping
• Activity :- Learning vocabulary related to sentences.
• Specific learning outcomes :- At the end of the lesson students will be able to,
Cognitive :- Recognizes this – that vocabulary with sentences
Psychomotor :- Write the sentences using this - that
Affective :- Practices cooperative activities
• Set induction :- Introduce this and that words in text book
• Presentation :- Teacher asks the questions
Students will reply accordingly.
Practice :- Teacher gives pictures and called them using this or that in pairs
• Production :-Teacher asks to cnstruct to build 10 sentences using the this, that.
• Assessment :- Asking some question regarding the lesson by showing pictures
• Extended activity :- Activities of work book will be completed by the students at
home
• Teaching learning aids :- Text book
White board
Marker pen