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Integrating with Trapezoidal and Simpson's Rules

This document presents an evaluation of real definite integrals using the Trapezoidal rule and Simpson's one-third rule. It contains examples of using each method to approximate the definite integrals of ∫[0,2] x^2 dx and ∫[0,1] e^x dx. For the Trapezoidal rule example, the interval [0,2] is divided into 4 subintervals and the approximation is calculated to be 7. For Simpson's rule, the interval [0,1] is divided into 4 subintervals and the approximation is calculated to be 1.7182818, which closely matches the exact value. The document was presented by V Sai Manasa for their project guided by Dr. Ban

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Ankita Pradhan
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40 views7 pages

Integrating with Trapezoidal and Simpson's Rules

This document presents an evaluation of real definite integrals using the Trapezoidal rule and Simpson's one-third rule. It contains examples of using each method to approximate the definite integrals of ∫[0,2] x^2 dx and ∫[0,1] e^x dx. For the Trapezoidal rule example, the interval [0,2] is divided into 4 subintervals and the approximation is calculated to be 7. For Simpson's rule, the interval [0,1] is divided into 4 subintervals and the approximation is calculated to be 1.7182818, which closely matches the exact value. The document was presented by V Sai Manasa for their project guided by Dr. Ban

Uploaded by

Ankita Pradhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PROJECT:-5

Evaluation of real definite integrals using


Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s one third rule  

PRESENTED BY :-
NAME – V SAI MANASA
[Link] - 210101120040
SEC - A
BRANCH :-COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

GUIDED BY :- Dr. BANITA MALLIK


Trapezoidal rule :- The Trapezoidal rule is a numerical method for approximating the
definite integral of a function. It works by approximating the area under the curve of the
function by trapezoids. The trapezoidal rule is a simple and commonly used method for
numerical integration because of its simplicity.
Area of trapezoid = ∫[a,b] f(x) dx ≈ h/2 * [f(a) + 2f(x_1) + 2f(x_2) + ... + 2f(x_{n-1}) +
f(b)]

Simpson’s one third rule :- Simpson's 1/3 rule is a numerical method for
approximating the definite integral of a function. It is named after the mathematician
Thomas Simpson and is based on approximating the function by a second-order
polynomial over each subinterval of the integration interval.
∫[a,b] f(x) dx ≈ h/3 * [f(a) + 4f(x_1/2) + 2f(x_1) + 4f(x_3/2) + ... + 2f(x_{n-1}) +
4f(x_{n-1/2}) + f(b)]
Evaluate the definite integral ∫[0, 2] x^2 dx using the Trapezoidal rule.

The Trapezoidal rule works by approximating the area under the curve as a series of
trapezoids.
To use the Trapezoidal rule, we first divide the interval [0, 2] into smaller subintervals of
equal length. Let's say we want to use n = 4 subintervals. Then the length of each
subinterval is:
h = (b - a) / n = (2 - 0) / 4 = 0.5
So we'll use four subintervals with endpoints:
x0 = 0
x1 = 0.5
x2 = 1
x3 = 1.5
x4 = 2
Next, we use the Trapezoidal rule formula:
∫[a, b] f(x) dx ≈ h/2 * [f(a) + 2f(x1) + 2f(x2) + 2f(x3) + f(b)]
∫[0, 2] x^2 dx ≈ (1/2)[f(0) + 2f(0.5) + 2f(1) + 2f(1.5) + f(2)]

= (1/2)[0 + 2(0.25) + 2(1) + 2(2.25) + 4]

= (1/2)[0.5 + 4.5 + 9]

=7

Therefore, using the Trapezoidal rule with n = 4, we approximate the value of the definite
integral ∫[0, 2] x^2 dx to be approximately equal to 7.
Evaluate the integral:
∫₀¹ e^x dx

Using Simpson's one-third rule, we first need to divide the interval [0, 1] into an even
number of subintervals of equal width, denoted by h. Let's say we use four subintervals,
so h = (1-0)/4 = 0.25.
Therefore, the endpoints of our subintervals are:
x₀ = 0
x₁ = 0.25
x₂ = 0.5
x₃ = 0.75
x₄ = 1
Now we need to calculate the function values at these endpoints. We have:
f(x₀) = e^0 = 1
f(x₁) = e^0.25
f(x₂) = e^0.5
f(x₃) = e^0.75
f(x₄) = e^1 = e
Next, we can use Simpson's one-third rule to approximate the integral.

The formula for the approximation is:


I ≈ h/3[f(x₀) + 4f(x₁) + 2f(x₂) + 4f(x₃) + f(x₄)]

Plugging in the values we calculated above, we get:


I ≈ 0.25/3[1 + 4(e^0.25) + 2(e^0.5) + 4(e^0.75) + e]

Simplifying this expression gives:


I ≈ 1.7182818

This is our approximation of the integral.


We can compare it to the exact value, which is:
∫₀¹ e^x dx = e - 1 ≈ 1.7182818
We can see that our approximation using Simpson's one-third rule is very close to the
exact value.
THANK YOU 

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