POLITICAL
IDEOLOGIES
IDEOLOGY
Destutt de Tracy (1796)
• French Philospher
• science that endeavored to uncover origins of
conscious thought and ideas
• SCIENCE OF IDEAS (IDEOLOGIE)
• ideology - science like zoology and biology
PETER BRAHAM (2013)
• a sociologist
• widely used......to describe a cluster of
beliefs not only judged false or
distorted, but also as deliberately
concealing some hidden interest.
• set of related ideas or systematic group of
concepts and beliefs about culture,
society and human life.
• dictate how society should be structured
• connotes ideas that spread false
consciousness to the exploited and
oppressed
• an officially sanctioned set of ideas used
to legitimize a political system or regime
POLITICAL
IDEOLOGY
• an ideology that pertains to the
conduct a government
• set of ideas that provides a basis
for organized political action
CHARACTERISTICS AND
RELEVANCE OF POLITICAL
IDEOLOGIES
(Heywood 2003)
• it offers an account of the existing
order, often in the form of worldview
• it provides a model of a desired future,
a vision of good society
• it outlines how political change can
and should be brought about.
DIFFERENT POLITICAL
IDEOLOGY
LIBERALISM
• result of the breakdown of
feudalism
• gives importance to the fulfillment
of the individual through the
satisfaction of his interest.
• LIBERALS believe that human
beings are primarily creatures
equipped with reasons
–support the sytem of meritocracy
•LIBERAL
DEMOCRACY
ELEMENTS OF LIBERALISM
ELEMENTS OF LIBERALISM
(INDIVIDUALISM, FREEDOM, REASON,
EQUALITY, TOLERATION, CONSENT,
CONSTITUTIONALISM)
INDIVIDUALISM
• Central principle of liberalism
FREEDOM
• principal attribute of liberal ideology
• FAITH is placed on the individual who can
act according to his desires
• equal liberty for everyone
• ART. 19
• Art. 20
• ART. 21
REASON
• liberals think that individuals have the
capacity to correctly decide matters
concerning their interest
• SECTION 2. The Philippine rennounces war
as an instrument of national policy, adopts the
generally accepted principles of international
law as a part of the law of the land and
adheres to the policy of peace, equality,
justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with
all nations
EQUALITY
• political equality
• belief that at least in moral worth, all
humans are born equal
TOLERATION
• assures individuals liberty and social
enrichment
CONSENT
• the consent of the governed is essential
to the existence of governments
CONSTITUTIONALISM
• check and balance mechanism
• requires government individual rights
Philippine Constitution (1987)
Preamble
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society and establish a Government that shall embody
our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and
a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
TYPES OF
LIBERALISM
CLASSICAL LIBERALISM
• committed to an extreme form of
individualism
• individuals should fend for themselves
and take care of their own affairs
MODERN LIBERALISM
• holds the capitalism which is not subject
to regulation will merely give rise to
injustice
• promotes personal development and self
realization will be given boost
CONSERVATISM
• desire to preserve institutions and is reflect in a resistance
to, or atleast suspicion of change
ELEMENTS OF CONSERVATISM
TRADITION
• CONSERVATIVES BELIEVE THAT TRADITION SHOULD
BE PRESERVED FOR FOR FUTUE GENERATIONS
INSTEAD
HUMAN IMPERFECTIONS
• HUMAN BEINGS ARE WEIGHED DOWN BY
IMPERFECTIONS, ACCORDING TO THE
CONSERVATIVE VIEWPOINT.
HIERARCHY