DOROTHY
[Link]
BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL
Presented by :Aiza Talib & Sehar Bano
Class:BSN 4th year
Assigned by : Ma’am Asifa
BACKGROUND
Dorothy E. Johnson was born Aug.21,1919 in
Savannah.
Received her AA Armstrong junior college in
Savannah in 1938.
Her BSN from Vanderbilt University School of
Nursing 1943 .
Her MPH from Harvard University in Boston
1948.
PROFESSIONAL
Involved teaching EXPERIENCE
Staff nurse at the Chatham Savannah Health Council.
Instructor and assistant professor in pediatrics nursing at Vanderbilt University
Professor of nursing at University of California
Greatly influenced by Florence Nightingale’s Book Notes on Nursing
Published “Behavioral System Model” in 1992.
Assumptions of Johnson’s thoery are divided into three categories
Assumptions about
system
Assumptions about
structure
Assumptions about
functions
ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT
SYSTEM
The system contains organization, interaction, interdependency and integration of the parts
and elements of behavior that make up system
A System “tends to achieve a balance among variable fordes operating within and upon it ;
and that man strives continuously to maintain a behavioral system
A behavioral system Require results in some degree of regularity and constancy in
behavior for maintenance of homeostasis by individual.
The system balance reflects adjustments and adaptations that are successful in some way .
Achievement of balance vary from individual to individual.
STRUCTRAL ASSUMPTIONS
There are 4 structural elements
Goal: ultimate consequences of behavior
Set: Tendency to act in a given situation
Choice: alternative behavior in a given situation
Action : Is the observable behavior the person
ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT
FUNCTION
There are three functional requirements for the subsystems:
1) The system must be Protected from toxic influences with which the system
cannot cope.
2) Each system has to be Nurtured through the input of appropriate supplies
from the environment.
3) The system must be Stimulated for use to enhance growth and prevent
stagnation.
CONCEPTS
BEHAVIORAL
BEHAVIOUR SYSTEM SYSTEM EQUILIBRIUM TENSION STRESSOR
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
SUBSYSTEM
ATTACHMENT
DEPENDENCY INGESTION ELIMINATION SEXUALITY AGGRESSIVE ACHIEVEMENT
& AFFILIATION
CONCEPTS
Behavior: Output of intraorganismic structures and processess as they are coordinated
and articulated by and responsive to change in the sensors stimulation.
System : A system is a whole that functions as a whole by virtue of interdependence of
it’s parts
Equilibrium: Stabilized but more or resting state in which individual is in harmony with
himself and with his environment.
Tension: State of being stretchef or strained,end product of disturbance in equilibrium
Stressor: Stimuli that produce tension and results in instability
BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM
Definition MODEL
:
“A behavioral system encompasses the patterned,repitative and purposeful
ways of behaving . These ways of behaving form organized and integrated
functional unit that determines and limits the interaction between the person
and his environment and establishes the relationship of person to the objects,
events and situations in his environment. These behaviors are orderly,
purposeful, predictable and sufficiently stable and recurrent to be amenable
to description and expectations.”( Johnson 1980)
SUBSYSTEMS
In her model, The patient is identified as a behavioral system composed of seven
behavioral subsystems:
Affiliative
Dependency
Ingestive
Eliminative
Sexual
Aggressive
Acheivement
METAPARADIGMN
Human: Health :
Biological and behavioral system Seen as opposite of illness
Environment : Nursing:
Implies to include all elements of “An external regulatory force which
the surrounding of the human system acts to preserve the organization and
and include stressors. integration of the patients behaviors
at an optimum level under those
conditions in which the behavior
constitutes a threat to the physical or
social health, or in which illness is
found.”
NURSING PROCESS
Assessment :
• Affiliation
• Dependency
• Sexuality
• Aggression
• Elimination
• Ingestion
• Achievement
• Restorative
• assessment also based on drive, set behavior, repertoire, and observable behavior
NURSING PROCESS
Diagnosis:
Grubb has proposed 4 categories of nursing diagnosis derived from Johnson’s behavioral
system model:
Insufficiency : inadequate functioning of subsystems
Discrepancy : Not optimally working
Incompatibility: subsystems conflict
Dominance:one system is always used
NURSING PROCESS
Planning and implementation :
Implementation of the nursing care related to the diagnosis may be difficult
because of lack of clients input in to the plan.
the plan will focus on nurses actions to modify clients behavior, these plan
then have a goal ,to bring about homeostasis in a subsystem
Plan based on nursing assessment of the individuals drive, set behavior,
repertoire, and observable behavior.
The plan may include protection, nurturance or stimulation of the identified
subsystem
NURSING PROCESS
Evaluation :
Based on the balance of the subsystems.
Johnson’s Behavioral System Model is best applied in the evaluation phase,
during which time, the nurse can determine whether or not there is balance in
the subsystems of the patient.
If a nurse helps a patient maintain an equilibrium of the behavioral system
through an illness in the biological system, he or she has been successful in the
role.
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Johnson does not clearly interrelate her concepts of subsystem that compromise the behavioral
system model.
2. They lack clear interrelationships among concepts creat difficult in following the logic of
Johnson’s work.
3. Her model can be generalized across the lifespan and across cultures. However,the focus on
behavioral system may make it difficult for nurses working with physically impaired individual to
use model.
4. Theories are the bases for the hypothesis that can be tested
5. Johnson framework does contribute to the general body of nursing knowledge but need further
development.
6. It is use to guide practice Control of the areas of interest.
7. Theory provide different framework from other nursing theorist
STRENGTHS
Dorothy Johnson’s theory guides nursing practice, education, and research; generates new
ideas about nursing; and differentiates nursing from other health professions.
It has been used in inpatient, outpatient, and community settings as well as in nursing
administration.
It has always been useful to nursing education and has been used in practice in educational
institutions in different parts of the world
Another advantage of the theory is that Johnson provided a frame of reference for nurses
concerned with specific client behaviors.
The theory also has potential for continued utility in nursing to achieve valued nursing
goals.
LIMITATIONS
Family of the client is only considered as an environment
Focus on nursing care of hospitalized and Ill persons.
Does not focus on health promotion, primary preventions, disease prevention.
Though the seven subsystems identified by Johnson are said to be open, linked, and
interrelated, there is a lack of clear definitions for the interrelationships among them which
makes it difficult to view the entire behavioral system as an entity.
The model is very individual oriented so the nurses working with the group have difficulty
in its implementation.
Johnson’s behavioral system model is not flexible.
Any
questions?
?