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English Grammar and Vocabulary Guide

1) The document discusses how to form adjectives from nouns related to weather by adding "y" to the end of the noun, such as "rainy" and "sunny." 2) It also covers the uses of modal verbs like "can", "will", "should", and "may" to express different meanings like possibility, necessity, recommendations, and future events. 3) Additionally, it provides examples of verbs in their base form, past tense, and past participle in both English and Spanish.

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Aimee Aguilar
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views93 pages

English Grammar and Vocabulary Guide

1) The document discusses how to form adjectives from nouns related to weather by adding "y" to the end of the noun, such as "rainy" and "sunny." 2) It also covers the uses of modal verbs like "can", "will", "should", and "may" to express different meanings like possibility, necessity, recommendations, and future events. 3) Additionally, it provides examples of verbs in their base form, past tense, and past participle in both English and Spanish.

Uploaded by

Aimee Aguilar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ENGLISH

AIMEE AGUILAR
The Weather in English

 Many times when we are talking about the weather, we can add the letter Y
to the end of a noun to make it an adjective.
• rain (noun) - rainy (adjective)
• sun (noun) - sunny (adjective)
• wind (noun) - windy (adjective)
• cloud (noun) - cloudy (adjective)
• fog (noun) - foggy (adjective)
Modal verbs
 CAN- possibility or ability of doing somethin
 She can swim very fast
 WILL- introduces to the future
 He Will be Mexico´s president soon
 SHOULD – recomendation suggestions
 You should go the doctor
 MAY – posisibility or probability of something hapenning in the
future

To express necessity
 I have to go
 Mike has to study Have / has + infinitive
 We don´t have to read
 He doesn´t have to wait
 She has to finish her homework
VERBS
 TO HAVE  TO TALK
 TO CALL
 TO FINISH
 TO GO
 TO TELL
 TO STUDY
 TO MAKE
 TO THINK
 TO LIVE
 TO DO
 Maddy has two brothers
 We have seven dogs
 George´s brother has two books
 Victor has to finish his homework
 I have to finish my hw
 You have to finish your hw
 The Windows have White curtains
 Laura goes everyday to school.
PAST
PRESENT PAST SPANISH
PARTICIPLE
 be am is
are
construir 
 cost cost 
cut
EXAM

EXAM
eat / eats
Forget Olvidar
Pagar
run
win
Escribir
 have/has Had Had Tener
Llamar
put   put put  Poner
Caminar
Hablar
Viajar
Esperar
abrir
 like
aprender
PAST
PRESENT PAST SPANISH
PARTICIPLE
 be am is Was/wer  been  ser/estar
are
 build built  built construir 
 cost cost  cost costo 
cut cut  Cut Cortar
eat / eats Ate eaten Comer
Forget Forgot forgotten Olvidar
 pay Paid paid Pagar
run  Ran run Correr
win  won won   ganar
write  Wrote Written Escribir
 have/has Had Had Tener
call  Called Called Llamar
put   put put  Poner
Walk walked  Walked Caminar
Talk  talked Talked Hablar
Travel  traveled Traveled Viajar
wait  Waited Waited Esperar
 open Opened Opened abrir
 like liked liked  Gustar
learned  Learned aprender
Learn
READING
Introduction to phrasal verbs
GET OUT TAKE FOR
Take off Get over
PRACTICE

3
EXAMPLES USING EACH
PRASAL VERB
IDIOMS
TAKE FOR GRANTED
PRACTICE
 ¿Hay algo que deberías apreciar más y no
dar por sentado?

 ¿Alguna vez has dado algo por sentado en


el pasado?
OVER THE MOON
PRACTICE

 Things that you notice about the IDIOM

 Give 4 examples
To have a sweet tooth
Couch potato
Practice
 Give 3 examples
VERBS
 Make fun of
 Make money
 Make a mistake
 Make a living
 Give past tense and past particle
 Please thing at least one situation per verb
and write about it.
Vocabulary
 To analyze
 To get fired
 To iron
 Stingy ( avaro)
To apply for
PRACTICE

 Someone you know got fired receantly,


give and advice and explain what would
you do in his/her situation
Present perfect
Present perfect
 Already : ya hemos hecho
 Yet : Aun no hemos hecho
 Never : nunca se ha hecho
 Ever: algo alguna vez se ha hecho
 Just: recién hecho / completado
 Always : siempre
For/Since
FOR /SINCE
 Place since/for in the correct place
 I’ve had this car __years.
 We've known each other  ___we were in school.
 I haven't eaten anything  ____this morning.
 She hasn't slept ___ two days.
 I have wanted to be a writer __ I was a child.
 We've been together __ over ten years.
 I haven't seen John__  last July.
 It hasn't rained ___ a long time.
 She's worked in this bank __ 25 years.
 She's worked in this bank___  it first opened.
QUIZ
 True or false? The present perfect tense is used to describe actions that
began in the past. Usually, the actions being described are still continuing
into the present.

 The present perfect tense is formed by:


A. "has/have" + [past participle]
B. "had been" + [past participle]
 Select the example of the present perfect tense
A. had seen
B. has seen
C. Saw

Select the verb in the present perfect tense.


Select the sentence in Present perfect

A. I have climbed Ben Nevis.


B. I climbed Ben Nevis.
C. I had climbed Ben Nevis.
Still yet already for since
Give examples NO writing

PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE :D
CONVERSATION

 IF
YOU COULD BE SOMEONE
ELSE JUST FOR ONE DAY WHO
WOULD IT BE AND WHY
 EXPRESS LONG ACTIONS THAT
STARTED IN THE PAST AND
CONTINUE UNTIL NOW

Present perfect  EXPRESS RECENT ACTIONS


THAT HAVE CLEAR EVIDENCE
continous OR RESULTS NOW

 TYPICALLY USED FOR


SHORTED, MORE TEMPORARY
SITUATIONS
EXAMPLES

I´VE BEEN LIVING IN IRELAND FOR ALMOST 4 YEARS

HER EYES ARE RED BECAUSE SHE´S BEEN CRYING ALL


EVENING

HAVE THEY BEEN LEARNING ENGLISH THIS WEEK?


ESTRUCTURE

 S + HAVE/HAS+ BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE VERB

 S + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN + PRESENT


PARTICIPLE VERB

 HAVE/HAS + S + BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE


More idioms ……
Present perfect vs present perfect
continuos
 I have studied a lot ---- yo he estudiado mucho
 She has seen that movie twice ----- ella ha visto esa película dos veces

I have been working for three hours ------ Yo he estado trabajando por tres horas
They have been studing since 1 pm------ ellos han estado estudiando desde la 1 pm
How many times have you done X?
 I have been to Toronto twice
 I have seen that movie 5 times
 I have walked around that park 2 times
Numbers
 1993  1994
 805  1888
 2000  1752
 642  2521
 2008
 15,023
 1995
 768
 1999
 100,256
 2008
Apostrophe
S
vocabulary
 Church
 Tree
 Shops
 Bicycles
 House
 Cars
Where are you?
At the cinema
At the station
At the airport
At the restaurant
At a café
I am thinking about a sentence right now
Talk about the Street
 Busy
 Nice
 Quiet
 Beautiful
 noisy
Answer the country or contries
 Most shops are clore on sundays
 Small shops are closed in the afternoon
 Shops are open late in the evening
 People go to the mosque on Friday
 Most shops are open on Friday
 Some shops are open at 3:00 in the morning
Excuse me ! Could you tell me the way to the
cinema? STRAIGHT
Yes, certainly. GoSTRAIFT ahead until the end RIGHT
of this Street and then turn ____. PAST
Go____ the restaurant and the museum and TURN
____ right into Victoria Street. The cinnema is OPPOSITE
________the museum, ____ the theatre NEXT TO
NEAR
Is there a Bank NEAR here ? BEHIND
Yes there is one BEHIND the church, ON ON
victoria Street. UP
Could you tell me how to get there? LEFT
Yes of course. Go UP Palmeira Street and IN FRONT OF
turn LEFT at the corner. You´ll get IN OPPOSITE
FRONT OF the school. Croos the Street. The
bank is OPPOSITE the school.
STRAIGHT
RIGHT
PAST
TURN
OPPOSITE
NEXT TO
NEAR
BEHIND
ON
UP
LEFT
IN FRONT OF
OPPOSITE
 A possessive
adjective shows
possession or a
relationship.
Simple present vs present progressive
 I sometimes play basketball at night
 My dog usually takes a nap during the day.
 Do you always sing in parties?
 Karen and Tom never go to the movies.
 All birds have wings.
Simple present vs present progressive
 I am working on my final proyect right now.
 Susan is not writing a letter to her boyfriend
 Are you calling your mom right now?
 Is the cat eating now?
 The lawyer is reading her favorite book at the moment.
 Diana and Josh are not sleeping right now.
Simple present

 Habits, routines or repeted actions.


I visit my mom every Sunday
My husband goes to work every day
Jeena Sings at the bar everynight.
 Permanent actions….
My family and I live in Mexico.
 Something true and Facts.
Elephants live a long life
Jiraffes are very tal
The sky is blue
Key words
 Always  Now
 Usually  Right now
 Often  At the
 Sometimes moment
 Never
 Every
 Once
 Twice
 An action hapenning at the moment.
 I am drawing in my notebook now.
 Carlos is surfing a giant wave
 simultaneous actions taking place at the time
 He is running around the park and she is walking her dog.
Would you like ?
To eat something ?
To learn how to drive at a driving school ?
Stationery supplies
 Appetizer
 Main course
 Dessert Bottle
 A drink Can
 Party for Bag
Buffet
Box

 Loaf of bread
 NOUN countable nouns and uncountable nouns
Bar
 Rice sand salt sugar Glass
 Ground meat
 Soap I´m at the supermarket and im going to the stationery
Toilet paper
supplies aile

 Socks
 Napkins
 Chicken breast
 deodorant
• What is one thing you have done this year that you are proud of?

• What is one goal you have that you would like to complete before the
end of the year?

• What are three things that you are good at?


What is one goal you have that you would like to complete
before the end of the year?

 Daily goals
 year goals
 Life goals (Life goals are things that you would like to do or achieve in your
lifetime)
Goals … examples

• Finish my studies (school or university)


• Learn a new language
• Learn something new (play an instrument, how to drive)
• Visit a certain country (or city)
• Get married (or remain single)
• Have children (have a trusting relationship with them)
• Find a job (or a job that satisfies you)
• Become an expert in something (your area or work, a sport, etc.)
• Keeping a healthy work-life balance
• Improve my physical health
• Improve my mental health (or have spiritual balance in your life)
• Be kinder to people or more empathetic with those around me.
• Start my own business
• Obtain financial stability (or be debt free)
• Write a book
• Help others less fortunate that you (volunteer or create a charity)
• Try not to be stressed
What will you do to achieve your proposed goals?

• Improve your physical health


• Walk every day for half an hour
• Join a gym
• Create my own exercise routines
• Cycling / static or a bike
• Go jogging / running or using the treadmill at home
• Do YouTube routines
• Eat a healthier diet
• Drink more water
• Eat more fruit instead of sweet things
• Eat more salads
• Reduce the consumption of carbohydrates
LEARN SOMETHING NEW ///PLAY THE
PIANO
 FRESHMAN
 DAILY PRACTICE
 Know the notes
 Get in contact with a teacher
 Become fluent at piano lessons-- 6 months –
 Weekly goal: I need to have classes 3 times per week
How will you know you have achieved
this goal?
 Play one song, alone
 Play two songs with the teacher.
 Play without the sheet music
 Play as the same time you read the sheet music
Comparative and superlative
 We use comparative adjectives to show change or make comparisons:
 ……. I'm feeling happier now.
 We use than when we want to compare one thing with another:
 She is two years older than me.

 The faster you drive, the more dangerous it is.


Superlative
 It was the happiest day of my life.
 Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
 That’s the best film I have seen this year.
 I have three sisters: Jan is the oldest and Angela is the youngest.

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