EROSIO
MASS SEDIMENTATI
WASTIN O N
G
EXOGENIC PROCESSES ARE PROCESSES
THAT TAKE PLACE AT OR NEAR THE
EARTH’S SURFACE THAT MAKES THE
SURFACE WEAR AWAY. EXOGENIC
PROCESSES ARE VERY DESTRUCTIVE, THEY
ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR DEGRADATION AND
SCULPTING THE EARTH’S SURFACE.
The physical weathering happens when rock is physically
broken into smaller pieces.
RELEASE OF GROWTH
ICE
ICE WEDGING PRESSURE ABRASION ANIMALS OF
WEDGING PLANTS
1. ICE WEDGING ~> H2O seeps in rock, expands, crack rocks into smaller pieces.
2. RELEASE OF PRESSURE ~> Surface rock erodes, rock flakes like onion layers.
3. GROWTH OF PLANTS ~> Roots grow into cracks and push rocks apart.
4. ANIMALS ~> Burrow and push apart rock.
5. ABRASION ~> Sand and rock carried by wind, water, ice wears away surface rock when rocks
collide. Most common in windy areas
The chemical weathering is the process of breaking
down rock through chemical changes.
LIVING CARBON
WATE OXYGEN ACID RAIN ORGANISMS DIOXIDE
R
1. WATER ~> Water dissolves rock chemically.
2. OXYGEN ~> Rocks that has iron in it mixes with oxygen and rusts.
3. CARBON DIOXIDE ~> CO2 dissolves in rainwater and weathers marble and limestone.
4. LIVING ORGANISMS ~> Acids from plants and roots chemically weather rock.
5. ACID RAIN ~> Air pollution reacts with clouds and falls on rock as acid rain.
EROSION BY WATER EROSION BY WIND
Erosion by water changes the Erosion by wind carries dust, sand,
shape of coastlines. Waves and volcanic ash from one place
constantly crash against shores. to another. Wind can sometimes
They pound rocks into pebbles and blow sand into towering dunes.
reduce pebbles to sand. Water
sometimes takes sand away from
beaches. This moves the coastline
farther inland.
EROSION BY ICE EROSION BY GRAVITY
Erosion by ice can erode the land. In Gravity pulls any loose bits down
frigid areas and on some the side of a hill or mountain.
mountaintops, glaciers move slowly Gravity Erosion is better known as
downhill and across the land. As they Mass Movement.
move, they pick up everything in
their path, from tiny grains of sand
to huge boulders.
RESULT OF EROSION
REGOLITH ~> When weathered rock remains in place and
remains in its pure state.
SEDIMENT ~> When weathered material is removed from the site
of weathering.
MOVING WATER ~> It is the main agent of erosion. PEOPLE
~> Nowadays, people became one of the causes of erosion.
WEATHERING AND EROSION ~> Weathered rock material will
be removed from its original site and transported away by a natural
agent.
SEDIMENTATIO
N
It is a natural process in which a material is carried to the
bottom of bodies of water and forms to solid.
MASS WASTING
Mass wasting is the movement of rock, soil and
regolith downward due to the action of gravity.
It is triggered by the following factors:
OVER-STEEPENED VEGETATIO
WATE EARTHQUAKE
SLOPE N
R
REMOVAL
Rapid movements are Rainwater adds weight and It is a vibration and also a The lack of vegetation
commonly found in steep acts as a lubricant to factor that triggers mass cover to hold the loose
slopes while slow weathered material. wasting. particles.
movements are found on
gentle slopes.
TYPE OF MATERIAL
Debris, mud or earth If soil and regolith dominate.
Rock When a mass of bedrock break.
TYPE OF MOTION
Fall The free fall of detached individual pieces of any size.
Slide A distinct zone of weakness separating the slide material from the more stable
underlying material.
Flow Occurs when material moves down slope as a viscous fluid.
Classifications:
Debris slide
Debris flow
Rock fall
Soil creep
A slump is a type of
mass wasting that results
in the sliding of coherent
rock materials along a
curved surface.
The solifluction is the
slow downhill flow of
soil.
Earthflow is a
downslope viscous flow
of fine-grained materials
that have been saturated
with water and moves
under the pull of gravity.
Mudflow occurs when
mud travels down a
slope very quickly.
The Mameyes mudflow disaster, in barrio Tibes,
Ponce, Puerto Rico.
A debris slide is a type
of slide characterized by
the chaotic movement of
rocks, soil, and debris
mixed with water and/or
ice.
A debris flow is a
moving mass of loose
mud, sand, soil, rock,
water and air that
travels down a slope
under the influence of
gravity.
Rock flow occurs when
pieces of rock break
loose from a steep rock
face or cliff.
Soil Creep is a slow,
gradual movement of
soil or regolith downhill
over time.
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