+
THE NANO WORLD
Chapter 14
+
OBJECTIVES
Define
nanotechnology.
Identify the risk and
ethical considerations
in nanotechnology.
Cite some examples
of nanotechnology
applications and
products
+
What is Nanotechnology?
Nano means one-billionth of a quantity and is represented mathematically as
1 x 10-9 or simply as 10-9.
Technology generally refers to the application of scientific knowledge for
society’s practical needs and improvements.(Stander & Theodore, 2011).
Nanotechnology – “all purpose technology” or “enabling technology”
Nanotechnology is a new area of scientific research which focuses on
particles too minute to be seen with impact interacting with other fields of
sciences.
+
US National Nanotechnology Initiative (USNNI) defines
Nanotechnology as the science which involves R & D at the
atomic, molecular, or macromolecular levels, in the length scale
of appropriately 1 x 100 nm range.
Aims of Nanotechnology:
1) to provide a fundamental understanding of phenomena and
materials at the nanoscale; and
2) to create and use structures, devices, and systems that have
novel properties and functions because of their small and/or
intermediate size.
+
What are Nanoparticles?
Nanoparticles are the materials in nanotechnology.
They have properties absent in ordinary and
commonly used materials.
In theory, nanoparticles can be produced from
early any chemical, however, most that are
currently in use today have been made from
transition metals, like
1)Silicon,
2. Carbon (single walled nanotubes, fullerenes)
[Link] oxides (Zinc dioxide and titanium dioxide)
4. Engineered nanoparticles (silicon and quantum
dots)
+
+
4 Generations of Nanotechnology (US
NNI)
The 4 generations of Naotechnolgy, accdg to US NNI are:
1. Passive nanostructures – size + particle property
2. Active nanodevices – quantum properties
3. Systems of nanosystem – systems of nanodevices
4. Molecular nanosystems – molecular machines and manufacture
+
Applications of Nanotechnology
+
Potential applications of
Nanotechnology
Energy Storage, production and conversion
Agricultural productivity and enhancement; vector and pest detection
and control
Water treatment and remediation
Disease diagnosis and screening; drug delivery systems
Food processing and storage
Air pollution and remediation
Construction
+
Energy Storage, Production &
Conversion
Epoxy containing
carbon nanotubes are
being used to make
windmill blades.
The resulting blades are
stronger and with lower
weight, thus the amount
of electricity generated
by each windmill is
greater
+
Agricultural productivity and
enhancement; vector and pest
detection and control
Nanosensors are
important
nanoproducts for
faster detection of
soil quality. Plant
health monitoring
improved crop yield.
Nanocapsules are
used for delivery of
herbicides and drugs
for livestock.
+
Water treatment and Remediation
+
Nanotechnology in Water
Treatment
Nanoparticles are useful in cleaning up organic chemicals/solvents polluting
groundwater.
The iron particles disperse throughout the body of water and
decompose the organic solvent in place. This method is effective and
cheaper.
+
Nanofiltration differentiated from..
+
+
Disease diagnosis and screening; drug
delivery systems
+
+
Nanotechnology in Cancer Diagnosis
and Treatment
+
Nanomaterial in treating Cancer
+
+
Nanotechnology-Based Consumer
Products
Fabriccontaining silver nanoparticles that kill bacteria making
clothing odor resistant
Skin
care products like lotions, sunscreens and creams that use
nanoparticles to deliver vitamins deeper into the skin.
Lithium ion batteries that use nanoparticle-based electrodes
Sporting goods like tennis racquets were improved by adding
nanotubes to the frames which increase control and power when
one hits the ball
+
Nanotechnology-based Consumer
Products, cont…
Paints
are now available which are based on
nanomaterials
Atovi is a nanoproduct from the Philippines
Filtration set-up
+
Paints using nanomaterials
+
Atovi Technology
+
Filtration Set-Up
DOST developed a nanofilter for water purification
+
Risk Assessment and Ethical
Considerations
Nanoethics is the study of the ethical and social dimensions of
nanotechnology.
There are identified Number of Critical Risk Assessment Issues
regarding manufactured nanoparticles:
1. Exposure assessment of manufacture nanoparticles
2. Toxicology of manufactured nanoparticles
3. Ability to extrapolate manufatured nanoparticles
4. Environmental and biological fate
+ Risk Assessment and Ethical
Considerations, cont…
5. Transport
6. Persistence
7. Transformation of manufactured nanoparticles
8. Recyclability and overall sustainability of manufactured
nanomaterials
9. Security problems
+
Risk Assessment and Ethical
Considerations, cont…
10. Mapping out nano-risks
11. Engineered nanomaterials and risks
12. Emerging concepts in nanoparticle toxicology
13. Nanotechnology from the insurers perspective
14. Ethical challenges in healthcare
+
Nanotechnology, Dream No More in
the Philippines
DOST - formulated a roadmap for the development of Nanotechnolgy.
4 Major Programs on this Roadmap include:
1. Nano-based Technologies and Materials
2. Nanosensors and nanodiagnostics
3. Nanotechnology for ICT and semiconductor
4. Nonostructured solar energy devices and storage
+
Next Meeting
Quiz on Chapter 14
FINAL Exams on December 13, 2018
Good Luck to ALL!