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Metamorphic Rocks: Formation Explained

Rocks can be classified into three main types based on their formation: 1) Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. They have different textures based on grain size and arrangement, such as granite and basalt. 2) Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments. Their composition depends on the minerals in the original sediments, examples being sandstone and shale. 3) Metamorphic rocks are formed by the alteration of other rocks through heat, pressure, or reaction with fluids. Examples are marble from limestone and gneiss from granite. Foliation can result when pressure causes flat minerals to align.

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Khanh Tran Quoc
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30 views11 pages

Metamorphic Rocks: Formation Explained

Rocks can be classified into three main types based on their formation: 1) Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. They have different textures based on grain size and arrangement, such as granite and basalt. 2) Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments. Their composition depends on the minerals in the original sediments, examples being sandstone and shale. 3) Metamorphic rocks are formed by the alteration of other rocks through heat, pressure, or reaction with fluids. Examples are marble from limestone and gneiss from granite. Foliation can result when pressure causes flat minerals to align.

Uploaded by

Khanh Tran Quoc
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 13

LESSON 2
ROCKS
VOCABULARY
• Rock
• Grain
• Magma
• Lava
• Texture
• Sediment
• Lithification
• Foliation
3

1. WHAT IS A ROCK?
• A rock is a naturally
occurring solid mixture
composed of minerals,
smaller rock fragments,
organic matter, or glass.
• The individual particles in
a rock are called grains.
4

2. CLASSIFICATION
• Based on the method
of formation, rock is
classified into three
major types:
• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
5

IGNEOUS ROCK
• Molten rock is called
magma when it is inside
the Earth.
• Molten rock erupting onto
Earth’s surface is called
lava.
• Magma and lava cools
and forms igneous rock.
6

IGNEOUS ROCK
• Igneous rocks are
classified by texture and
mineral composition
• Texture refers to grain
size and how the grains
are arranged.
• E.g: granite and basalt
8

SEDIMENTARY ROCK
• Rock and mineral
fragments that are loose
or suspended in water are
called sediments.
• Lithification is the process
through which sediment
turns into rock.
9

SEDIMENTARY ROCK
• Composition of
sedimentary rock is
based on the minerals in
the sediment from which
it is formed.
• E.g: sandstone and shale
10

METAMORPHIC ROCK
• Formed when parent rocks
are squeezed, heated or
exposed to hot fluids.
• E.g: limestone  marble
granite  gneiss
11

METAMORPHIC ROCK
• Foliation results when
pressure cause flat minerals
to line up, giving the rock a
layered appearance.
• Categorized into foliated
and nonfoliated
metamorphic rocks.
[Link] IN EVERYDAY LIFE 12

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